Research and Development
The United States is becoming an entrepreneurship and innovation economy, with the development of two markets: the market for ideas, in the form of patents, and the market for innovation, in the form of the commercialization of new technology.
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Government research
President Barack Obama's 2015 Budget proposes $135.4 billion for federal research and development (R&D), an increase of $1.7 billion or 1.2% from 2014. [1]
Out of this $135.4 billion, $69.5 billion is proposed for defense R&D, and $65.9 billion is proposed for non-defense R&D. Federal investment in basic and applied research totals $64.7 billion, investment in development totals $68.0 billion, and investment in R&D infrastructure totals $2.6 billion.
National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) supports biomedical research aimed at improving the health of the American people. The 2015 Budget provides $30.2 billion for NIH, an increase of $200 million over the 2014 level. The Budget provides $100 million to The Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative. The Opportunity, Growth, and Security Initiative proposes an additional $970 million for NIH, which would support additional new grants, increase funding for The BRAIN Initiative, and invest in other critical research opportunities.
National Science Foundation
The National Science Foundation (NSF) supports academic research for most non-biomedical disciplines. The 2015 Budget provides $7.3 billion for NSF, an increase of 1% over the 2014 level.
