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Free Enterprise as Response to New Deal
Free Enterprise & Ethics
@article{baumol_entrepreneurship_1968,
title = {Entrepreneurship in economic theory},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1831798},
abstract = {The entrepreneur is at the same time one of the most intriguing and one of the most elusive
characters in the cast that constitutes the sub-ject of economic analysis. He has long been
recognized as the apex of the hierarchy that determinies the behavior of the firm and thereby
bears a heavy responsibility for the vitality of the free enterprise society. In the writings of the
classical economist his appearance was frequent, though he remained a shadowy entity
without clearly defined form and function. Only Schumpeter and, to some degree},
urldate = {2017-07-19},
journal = {The American economic review},
author = {Baumol, William J.},
year = {1968},
pages = {64--71}
}
Corporate Social Responsibility
Milton Friedman
Students' Hostility to Free Enterprise (from the late 1970s)
}
@article{barach_transactional_1988,
title = {The transactional ethic: {The} ethical foundations of free enterprise reconsidered},
volume = {7},
shorttitle = {The transactional ethic},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/T56T3T746576P160.pdf},
abstract = {A review of the evolution of the ethical foundations of free enterprise reveals the essentially
utilitarian ethical foundation prevailing today. To enrich those foundations the article
attempts to establish the ethical validity of free transactions by relating them to the basic
principle of interpersonal ethics: the Golden Rule. The validity of the transactional ethic is
presented as an articulation of freedom in a valid social and economic context.},
number = {7},
urldate = {2017-07-20},
journal = {Journal of Business Ethics},
author = {Barach, Jeffrey A. and Elstrott, John B.},
year = {1988},
pages = {545--551},
file = {Snapshot:files/86/10.html:text/html}
}
@article{macfie_moral_1967,
title = {The moral justification of free enterprise},
volume = {14},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9485.1967.tb00753.x/full},
abstract = {ADAM SMITH'S theory has been chosen as a text simply because I know no better start from
which to examine the issue before us. I have yet to find a more careful, thorough, detailed,
realistic ethical argument for freedom in economic (among other) affairs than that he gives,
in his Theory of Moral Sentiments, in his treatment of the virtues, prudence and self-
command. True, we deal here only with the individual aspect; and this does justice neither to
the facts nor to Adam Smith's full theory. But We have grossly inadequate time even for},
number = {1},
urldate = {2017-07-20},
journal = {Scottish Journal of Political Economy},
author = {Macfie, A. L.},
year = {1967},
pages = {1--11},
file = {Snapshot:files/90/full.html:text/html}
}
Arthur Brooks book in response to Affordable Care Act
@book{brooks_battle:_2011,
title = {The battle: {How} the fight between free enterprise and big government will shape {America}'s future},
shorttitle = {The battle},
url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=pUdfy7GqciUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=info:RQVcSGmPUM8J:scholar.google.com&ots=4BZWvQQ4F7&sig=Fa0dBYBysgOne6NYz-eICAZUR7M},
abstract = {America faces a new culture war. It is not a war about guns, abortions, or gays—rather it is a
war against the creeping changes to our entrepreneurial culture, the true bedrock of who we
are as a people. The new culture war is a battle between free enterprise and social
democracy. Many Americans have forgotten the evils of socialism and the predations of the
American Great Society's welfare state programs. But, as American Enterprise Institute's
president Arthur C. Brooks reveals in The Battle, the forces for social democracy have},
urldate = {2017-07-20},
publisher = {Basic books},
author = {Brooks, Arthur C.},
year = {2011},
file = {Snapshot:files/92/books.html:text/html}
}
Powell Memorandum
@article{powell_jr_attack_1971,
title = {Attack on {American} free enterprise system},
url = {http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/darter_materials/79/?utm_source=lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu%2Fdarter_materials%2F79&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages},
abstract = {Abstract Memorandum from future Supreme Court Justice Lewis F. Powell to the US
Chamber of Commerce. This document came to be widely known as the Powell
Memorandum. It is seen by many as an influential document in various conservative and pro-
corporate political movements.},
urldate = {2017-07-20},
author = {Powell Jr, Lewis F.},
year = {1971},
file = {[PDF] from bc.edu:files/94/Powell Jr - 1971 - Attack on American free enterprise system.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:files/95/79.html:text/html}
}
Evolutionary Psychology
@article{richerson_evolution_2008,
title = {The evolution of free enterprise values},
url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=929169},
abstract = {Free enterprise economic systems evolved in the modern period as culturally
transmitted values related to honesty, hard work, and education achievement emerged. One
evolutionary puzzle is why most economies for the past 5,000 years have had a limited role
for free enterprise given the spectacular success of modern free economies. Another is why
if humans became biologically modern 50,000 years ago did it take until 11,000 years ago
for agriculture, the economic foundation of states, to begin. Why didn't free enterprise},
urldate = {2017-07-25},
author = {Richerson, Peter and Boyd, Rob},
year = {2008},
file = {[PDF] from researchgate.net:files/155/Richerson and Boyd - 2008 - The evolution of free enterprise values.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:files/156/papers.html:text/html}
no edit summary
{{Project|Has project output=Content|Has sponsor=McNair ProjectsCenter
|Has title=Free Enterprise Lit Review
|Has owner=Anne Dayton,
}}
==Literature Review==
The promotion of Free Enterprise as an American ideal originates in libertarian and conservative responses to the New Deal. Rippa (1958, 1959) shows how free enterprise was promoted in school textbooks. St. John (2010) examines its promotion in newspapers. Fines-Wolf (1994) examines the promotion of free enterprise ideals by National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) in the post-war period.
The ethics of the free enterprise system has also been a subject of discussion.
Erteszek (1982) asserts that "the moral basis of a free enterprise system faces both new and persistent challenges... these challenges cannot be met without a new, ethical vision of private enterprise, and a reconfiguration of the moral purpose of corporate life... The experience of history indicates that man will not act nobly, with compassion and fidelity, simply out of enlightened self-interest... the new vision needed by modern man and woman is to be found not in self-interest but in Judeo-Christian virtues... the Judeo-Christian system has the power to transform modern man and to stimulate him to a life of service, stewardship and compassion."
Wishloff (2003) argues that "an economic system of responsible free enterprise.. [would] be accompanied by a sense of social and moral responsibility which might have to be encouraged and enforced by the government... Our enterprises, taken as a whole, are not fulfilling their social and moral responsibilities... the root cause of [this problem is] adherence to the metaphysics of material scientism... Common sense realism is proposed as a more suitable alternative."
==Free Enterprise as Response to New Deal==
'''St. John III, Burton. 2010. “A VIEW THAT’S FIT TO PRINT: The National Association of Manufacturers’ Free Enterprise Rhetoric as Integration Propaganda in The New York Times, 1937–1939.” Journalism Studies 11 (3): 377–392.
'''
@article{st._john_iii_view_2010,
title = {A {VIEW} {THAT}'{S} {FIT} {TO} {PRINT}: {The} {National} {Association} of {Manufacturers}' free enterprise rhetoric as integration propaganda in {The} {New} {York} {Times}, 1937–1939},
volume = {11},
shorttitle = {A {VIEW} {THAT}'{S} {FIT} {TO} {PRINT}},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700903290585},
abstract = {This study examines the appearance of National Association of Manufacturers'(NAM)
propaganda, from 1937 to 1939, in articles within The New York Times. NAM's ability to
file = {Snapshot:files/39/14616700903290585.html:text/html}
}
'''Rippa, S. Alexander. 1958. “The Textbook Controversy and the Free Enterprise Campaign, 1940-1941.” History of Education Journal, 49–58.'''
'''———. 1959. “Dissemination of the Free-Enterprise Creed to American Schools.” The School Review 67 (4): 409–21. doi:10.1086/442511.'''
@article{rippa_textbook_1958,
title = {The textbook controversy and the free enterprise campaign, 1940-1941},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3692590},
abstract = {50 HISTORY OF EDUCATION JOURNAL attack upon the" anti-advertising" material which, it
charged, had been" planted" in the social science textbooks. The editors as-serted that
volume = {67},
issn = {0036-6773},
url = {http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/442511},
doi = {10.1086/442511},
abstract = {The free-enterprise campaign launched during the late thirties marked a significant turning
file = {Snapshot:files/116/442511.html:text/html}
}
'''Fones-Wolf, Elizabeth A. 1994. Selling Free Enterprise: The Business Assault on Labor and Liberalism, 1945-60. University of Illinois Press.'''
@book{fones-wolf_selling_1994,
title = {Selling free enterprise: {The} business assault on labor and liberalism, 1945-60},
shorttitle = {Selling free enterprise},
url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=W4p8-BAs0dcC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=info:uIh_mJdu3vMJ:scholar.google.com&ots=VDTieSeQme&sig=L75z9k6kOw2MJeZrE285jsHMWEM},
abstract = {During December 1951, half of the adult population of the industrial town of Latrobe,
Pennsylvania, took regular breaks from work to study economics on company time.
}
==Free Enterprise & Ethics==
'''Erteszek, Jan J. 1982. “Corporate Enterprise and Christian Ethics.” Review of Social Economy 40 (3): 323–329.'''
@article{erteszek_corporate_1982,
title = {Corporate enterprise and {Christian} ethics},
volume = {40},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00346768200000034},
abstract = {Throughout the world, the moral basis of the free enterprise system faces both new and
persistent challenges. It is convincing to a Christian and a man of business that these
year = {1982},
pages = {323--329},
file = {Snapshot:files/45/00346768200000034.html:text/html}
}
'''Wishloff, Jim. 2003. “Responsible Free Enterprise: What It Is and Why We Don’t Have It.” Teaching Business Ethics 7 (3): 229–263.
'''
@article{wishloff_responsible_2003,
volume = {7},
shorttitle = {Responsible free enterprise},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/V2T828023263V870.pdf},
abstract = {An economic system of responsible freeenterprise would (i) give individuals and groupsthe
freedom to initiate, own and managebusiness undertakings and (ii) insist that
file = {Snapshot:files/50/10.html:text/html}
}
'''Chewning, Richard C. 1984. “Can Free Enterprise Survive Ethical Schizophrenia?” Business Horizons 27 (2): 5–11.'''
@article{chewning_can_1984,
title = {Can free enterprise survive ethical schizophrenia?},
volume = {27},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0007681384900028},
abstract = {This century is seeing changes in our underlying philosophy—in how we view
existence itself and our part in it, in how we know and accept facts, in what we consider right
year = {1984},
pages = {5--11},
file = {[PDF] from cbfa-cbar.org:files/164/Chewning - 1984 - Can free enterprise survive ethical schizophrenia.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:files/165/0007681384900028.html:text/html}
}
'''Solomon, Robert C. 2006. “Free Enterprise, Sympathy, and Virtue.” Moral Markets: The Critical Role of Values in the Economy, 16–41.'''
@article{solomon_free_2006,
title = {Free enterprise, sympathy, and virtue},
url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=6QrvmNo2qD4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA16&dq=info:mD7mFEgIOJAJ:scholar.google.com&ots=CTmHyJIYLQ&sig=KMa2iPPxq0dUsQCX1iwLVJu0dG0},
abstract = {How selfish soever man may be supposed, there are evidently some principles in his nature,
which interest him in the fortune of others, and render their happiness necessary to him,
year = {2006},
pages = {16--41},
file = {[PDF] from researchgate.net:files/161/Solomon - 2006 - Free enterprise, sympathy, and virtue.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:files/162/books.html:text/html}
}
'''Demsetz, Harold. 1978. “Social Responsibility in the Enterprise Economy.” Southwestern University Law Review 10: 1.'''
@article{demsetz_social_1978,
title = {Social {Responsibility} in the {Enterprise} {Economy}},
volume = {10},
url = {http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/swulr10&id=19&div=&collection=},
abstract = {I wish to emphasize at the outset that this article does not present a general ethical system or
a specific ethical code to guide business behavior. Too many philosophers and economists,
year = {1978},
pages = {1},
file = {Social Responsibility in the Enterprise Economy 10 Southwestern University Law Review 1978:files/106/LandingPage.html:text/html }} '''Barach, Jeffrey A., and John B. Elstrott. 1988. “The Transactional Ethic: The Ethical Foundations of Free Enterprise Reconsidered.” Journal of Business Ethics 7 (7): 545–551.''' @article{barach_transactional_1988, title = {The transactional ethic: {The} ethical foundations of free enterprise reconsidered}, volume = {7}, shorttitle = {The transactional ethic}, url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/T56T3T746576P160.pdf }, abstract = {A review of the evolution of the ethical foundations of free enterprise reveals the essentially utilitarian ethical foundation prevailing today. To enrich those foundations the article attempts to establish the ethical validity of free transactions by relating them to the basic principle of interpersonal ethics: the Golden Rule. The validity of the transactional ethic is presented as an articulation of freedom in a valid social and economic context.}, number = {7}, urldate = {2017-07-20}, journal = {Journal of Business Ethics}, author = {Barach, Jeffrey A. and Elstrott, John B.}, year = {1988}, pages = {545--551}, file = {Snapshot:files/86/10.html:text/html }} '''Macfie, A. L. 1967. “The Moral Justification of Free Enterprise.” Scottish Journal of Political Economy 14 (1): 1–11.''' @article{macfie_moral_1967, title = {The moral justification of free enterprise}, volume = {14}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9485.1967.tb00753.x/full }, abstract = {ADAM SMITH'S theory has been chosen as a text simply because I know no better start from which to examine the issue before us. I have yet to find a more careful, thorough, detailed, realistic ethical argument for freedom in economic (among other) affairs than that he gives, in his Theory of Moral Sentiments, in his treatment of the virtues, prudence and self-command. True, we deal here only with the individual aspect; and this does justice neither to the facts nor to Adam Smith's full theory. But We have grossly inadequate time even for}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-07-20}, journal = {Scottish Journal of Political Economy}, author = {Macfie, A. L.}, year = {1967}, pages = {1--11}, file = {Snapshot:files/90/full.html:text/html}
}
==William Baumol== '''Baumol, William J. 1968. “Entrepreneurship in Economic Theory.” The American Economic Review, 64–71.''' '''———. 1996. “Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive.” Journal of Business Venturing 11 (1): 3–22.''' '''———. 2002. The Free-Market Innovation Machine: Analyzing the Growth Miracle of Capitalism. Princeton University Press.''' @article{baumol_entrepreneurship_1968, title = {Entrepreneurship in economic theory}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1831798 }, abstract = {The entrepreneur is at the same time one of the most intriguing and one of the most elusive characters in the cast that constitutes the sub-ject of economic analysis. He has long been recognized as the apex of the hierarchy that determinies the behavior of the firm and thereby bears a heavy responsibility for the vitality of the free enterprise society. In the writings of the classical economist his appearance was frequent, though he remained a shadowy entity without clearly defined form and function. Only Schumpeter and, to some degree}, urldate = {2017-07-19}, journal = {The American economic review}, author = {Baumol, William J.}, year = {1968}, pages = {64--71}}
@article{baumol_entrepreneurship:_1996,
volume = {11},
shorttitle = {Entrepreneurship},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/088390269400014X},
abstract = {The basic hypothesis is that, while the total supply of entrepreneurs varies among societies,
the productive contribution of the society's entrepreneurial activities varies much more
}
@book{baumol_free-market_2002,
}
==Corporate Social Responsibility==
'''Drucker, Peter F. 1984. “Converting Social Problems into Business Opportunities: The New Meaning of Corporate Social Responsibility.” California Management Review 26 (2): 53–63.
'''
@article{drucker_converting_1984,
title = {Converting social problems into business opportunities: {The} new meaning of corporate social responsibility},
volume = {26},
shorttitle = {Converting social problems into business opportunities},
url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=4810669361408720838&hl=en&inst=2735627273918615248&inst=569367360547434339&oi=scholarr},
abstract = {Increasingly, "Social Responsibility of Business" in the years to come will no longer mean "Doing Good" or "Not Doing Harm." It will have to come to mean converting social problems into opportunities for profitable business},
number = {2},
file = {Snapshot:files/55/scholar.html:text/html}
}
'''Davis, Keith. 1960. “Can Business Afford to Ignore Social Responsibilities?” California Management Review 2 (3): 70–76. doi:10.2307/41166246.'''
@article{davis_can_1960,
volume = {2},
issn = {0008-1256},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41166246},
doi = {10.2307/41166246},
abstract = {Few persons would deny that there are significant changes taking place in social, political,
}
==Milton Friedman==
'''Friedman, Milton, and Rose D. Friedman,. n.d. Free to Choose: A Personal Statement.'''
@book{friedman_free_nodate,
title = {Free to {Choose}: {A} {Personal} {Statement}},
url = {http://14.139.206.50:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/2166/1/Friedman%26Friedman%20-%20Free%20To%20Choose.pdf},
author = {Friedman, Milton and Friedman,, Rose D.}
}
'''Friedman, Milton. 2007. “The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits.” '''
''Bibliographic entry is incomplete & incorrect. Date is not date of original publication.''
@article{friedman_social_2007,
title = {The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits},
url = {http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-540-70818-6.pdf#page=172},
urldate = {2017-07-20},
journal = {Corporate ethics and corporate governance},
year = {2007},
pages = {173--178},
file = {[PDF] from umich.edu:files/99/Friedman - 2007 - The social responsibility of business is to increa.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:files/100/978-3-540-70818-6.html:text/html}
}
==Students' Hostility to Free Enterprise (from the late 1970s)==
'''Kilpatrick, James L. 1975. “Why Students Are Hostile to Free Enterprise.” College Store Journal 42 (6): 92–3.'''
@article{kilpatrick_why_1975,
title = {Why {Students} {Are} {Hostile} to {Free} {Enterprise}.},
volume = {42},
url = {https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ126144},
abstract = {A Gallup study is described, which was commissioned by Oklahoma State Christian College
regarding the philosophical orientation of college students generally (liberal or
}
'''Metzner, Henry E., and Edwin C. Sims. 1978. “Student Attitudes toward the Free Enterprise System.” The Journal of Economic Education 10 (1): 46–50. doi:10.2307/1182166.'''
@article{metzner_student_1978,
volume = {10},
issn = {0022-0485},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1182166},
doi = {10.2307/1182166},
abstract = {Over 56 percent of the respondents to the survey felt large companies engaged in
}
==Reagan Administration== '''Cavanach, Gerald E. 1982. “Free Enterprise Values: Delayed Gratification or Immediate Fulfillment.” Review of Social Economy 40 (3): 330–339.'''
@article{cavanach_free_1982,
title = {Free {Enterprise} {Values}: {Delayed} {Gratification} or {Immediate} {Fulfillment}},
volume = {40},
shorttitle = {Free {Enterprise} {Values}},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00346768200000035},
abstract = {Lessened productivity along with inflation and unemployment are the principal problems
currently facing the US economy. These problems are largely a result of a short-term,
}
==Adam Smith== '''Winch, Donald. 1991. “Adam Smith: The Prophet of Free Enterprise.” History of Economics Review 16 (1): 102–106.'''
@article{winch_adam_1991,
title = {Adam {Smith}: the prophet of free enterprise},
volume = {16},
shorttitle = {Adam {Smith}},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10370196.1991.11733094},
abstract = {When Adam Smith died 200 years ago today, the event was greeted in the Times by a
supercilious obituary which alleged that he had courted local opinion in a commercial town
}
==Critics of Free Enterprise==
'''Arnold, N. Scott. 1990. “Economists and Philosophers as Critics of the Free Enterprise System.” The Monist 73 (4): 621–641.'''
@article{arnold_economists_1990,
title = {Economists and {Philosophers} as {Critics} of the {Free} {Enterprise} {System}},
volume = {73},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/27903213},
abstract = {A favorite topic in academic political philosophy in the last third of the twentieth century has
been the shortcomings of the economic system under which most of us live. Though in
pages = {621--641}
}
==Arthur C. Brooks==
'''Brooks, Arthur C. 2011. The Battle: How the Fight between Free Enterprise and Big Government Will Shape America’s Future. Basic books. '''
@book{brooks_battle:_2011,
title = {The battle: {How} the fight between free enterprise and big government will shape {America}'s future},
shorttitle = {The battle},
url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=pUdfy7GqciUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=info:RQVcSGmPUM8J:scholar.google.com&ots=4BZWvQQ4F7&sig=Fa0dBYBysgOne6NYz-eICAZUR7M },
abstract = {America faces a new culture war. It is not a war about guns, abortions, or gays—rather it is a
war against the creeping changes to our entrepreneurial culture, the true bedrock of who we
are as a people. The new culture war is a battle between free enterprise and social
democracy. Many Americans have forgotten the evils of socialism and the predations of the
American Great Society's welfare state programs. But, as American Enterprise Institute's
president Arthur C. Brooks reveals in The Battle, the forces for social democracy have},
urldate = {2017-07-20},
publisher = {Basic books},
author = {Brooks, Arthur C.},
year = {2011},
file = {Snapshot:files/92/books.html:text/html}
}
'''———. 2012. The Road to Freedom: How to Win the Fight for Free Enterprise. Basic Books'''
@book{brooks_road_2012,
title = {The road to freedom: how to win the fight for free enterprise},
shorttitle = {The road to freedom},
url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=5tNvv4I4Z4IC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=info:9XgI-cmWyN8J:scholar.google.com&ots=izIJ1ScO7I&sig=uJPX-iEWTQlejSZ5WckAuQB_sIA},
urldate = {2017-07-19},
publisher = {Basic Books (AZ)},
file = {Snapshot:files/70/books.html:text/html}
}
==Powell Memorandum==
'''Powell Jr, Lewis F. 1971. “Attack on American Free Enterprise System.” '''
@article{powell_jr_attack_1971,
title = {Attack on {American} free enterprise system},
url = {http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/darter_materials/79/?utm_source=lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu%2Fdarter_materials%2F79&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages },
abstract = {Abstract Memorandum from future Supreme Court Justice Lewis F. Powell to the US
Chamber of Commerce. This document came to be widely known as the Powell
Memorandum. It is seen by many as an influential document in various conservative and pro-
corporate political movements.},
urldate = {2017-07-20},
author = {Powell Jr, Lewis F.},
year = {1971},
file = {[PDF] from bc.edu:files/94/Powell Jr - 1971 - Attack on American free enterprise system.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:files/95/79.html:text/html}
}
==Evolutionary Psychology==
'''Richerson, Peter, and Rob Boyd. 2008. “The Evolution of Free Enterprise Values.” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=929169.'''
@article{richerson_evolution_2008,
title = {The evolution of free enterprise values},
url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=929169 },
abstract = {Free enterprise economic systems evolved in the modern period as culturally
transmitted values related to honesty, hard work, and education achievement emerged. One
evolutionary puzzle is why most economies for the past 5,000 years have had a limited role
for free enterprise given the spectacular success of modern free economies. Another is why
if humans became biologically modern 50,000 years ago did it take until 11,000 years ago
for agriculture, the economic foundation of states, to begin. Why didn't free enterprise},
urldate = {2017-07-25},
author = {Richerson, Peter and Boyd, Rob},
year = {2008},
file = {[PDF] from researchgate.net:files/155/Richerson and Boyd - 2008 - The evolution of free enterprise values.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:files/156/papers.html:text/html}
}
==Evolution of Capitalism==
'''Halal, William E. 1988. “The New Capitalism: Democratic Free Enterprise.” The Futurist 22 (1): 26.'''
@article{halal_new_1988,
file = {Snapshot:files/72/218554271.html:text/html}
}
==Essays from 1956==
'''Sennholz, Mary. 1956. On Freedom and Free Enterprise: Essays in Honor of Ludwig von Mises. Ludwig von Mises Institute. '''
@book{sennholz_freedom_1956,
year = {1956},
file = {[HTML] from google.com:files/81/books.html:text/html}
}
