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The current U.S. patent system restricts the market for innovation with high transaction costs and legal risks. [http://www.wired.com/2015/01/fixing-broken-patent-system/] Most small and medium-sized businesses are unable to afford the costs associated with patent litigation and are prevented from commercializing or licensing over 95 percent of current active patents. [http://www.wired.com/2015/01/fixing-broken-patent-system/] Therefore, many smaller-sized businesses rely on patent assertion entities to protect their patents and defend against expensive litigation. Patent assertion entities aggregate and manage patents and have the expertise to legitimately protect patents from infringement. [https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/patent_report.pdf]
The patent market is illiquid, which means that assets cannot be sold or exchanged easily. In illiquid markets, specialized intermediaries, like patent assertion entities, can help match patent holders to patent buyers and transfer ideas and technology from inventors to manufacturers effectively. [https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/patent_report.pdf] This allows inventors to focus on innovation while benefiting from the knowledge and connections that intermediaries havepossess. [https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/patent_report.pdf] Patent assertion entities are able to incentivize innovation through the effective brokerage of patents. [https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/patent_report.pdf] They manage risks for small inventors and inform manufacturers or inventors of the usefulness of having another inventor's patent in their patent portfolio. [http://www.bna.com/challenges-of-defining-a-patent-troll/]
==Are Patent Trolls Really that Big of a Problem?==
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