Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
New page: *FTC collected $458 million from an antitrust settlement in 2015 [https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/reports/ftc-fy-2015-summary-performance-financial-information/160216fy15-spfi.p...
*FTC collected $458 million from an antitrust settlement in 2015 [https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/reports/ftc-fy-2015-summary-performance-financial-information/160216fy15-spfi.pdf]
*Intellectual capital in some form, including patents, accounts for 55% of GDP, and “intangible assets” such as corporate intellectual property, goodwill, and brand recognition account for 80% of the value of US public companies today. [http://www.sonecon.com/docs/studies/Value_of_Intellectual_Capital_in_American_Economy.pdf]
*Modern patent systems give incentives to inventors to undertake costly investments in time, effort, and resources to generate innovations in hopes of realizing potential profits from them. [http://www.ei.com/downloadables/EI_Patent_Study_Singer.pdf]
*More than 80% of gains in US productivity in the early 2000s could be traced to the development and application of new ideas and technologies (in particular IT) [http://www.sonecon.com/docs/studies/Value_of_Intellectual_Capital_in_American_Economy.pdf]
*Up to 60% of pharmaceutical-research projects that eventually lead to new discoveries would not have occurred without patent-based incentives. [See Thomson Reuters]
*In a 2005 study, Yale economist William Nordhaus estimated that about 4% of the total present value of social returns to innovation is captured by innovators. [http://economics.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Working-Papers/wp000/ddp0006.pdf]
**Most of the benefits of technological change are passed on to consumers rather than captured by producers.
*“Many blame (patent trolls) for a majority of the problems with the patent system. But they bring only a minority of patent suits: 17% of high-tech patent suits in the last eight years”. [http://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=facpubs]
**“Share of hardware patent NPE suits (26%) was nearly triple that of financial patent NPE suits (9%)”
**In only 8% of suits did a large firm sue a small one (predation profile)
**Taken from a study conducted by Colleen Chien from Santa Clara University of Law
**NPEs are defined as trolls in this article
*Only 5% of patents are the subject of licensing and 1% of litigation
**Mark A. Lemley, Rational Ignorance at the Patent Office, 95 NW. U.L REV. 1495, 1507n.55(2001)
*“Lower upfront costs mean lower barriers to entry. Patents can therefore be viewed as increasing entry and competition by lowering the cost of market entry for upstream specialists”
**From article "Elves or Trolls? The role of nonpracticing patent owners in the innovation economy"
*The number of specialist biotechnology firms grew from a handful in 1975 to 4414 globally in 2007
**Ernst and Young (2008), Beyond Borders: Global Biotechnology Report 2008. [http://www.ey.com/Global/assets.nsf/International/Industry_Biotechnology_Beyond_Borders_2008/$file/Biotechnology_Beyond_Borders_2008.pdf]
**Greater number of upstream specialists
*Between 1995 and 2001, median damage awards granted to NPEs versus practicing entities were $5.2 million to $6.2 million, respectively, and this disparity grew between 2002 and 2009 as the median NPE damage award rose to $12.9 million while the median award for practicing entities fell to $3.9 million (PwC 2010 study)
**This statistic could be attributed to the definition of NPEs
*Many people define patent trolls simply as entities that hold patents with no intent of commercializing the invention. This is incredibly broad, and includes universities, individual inventors, think tanks etc.
*Intellectual capital in some form, including patents, accounts for 55% of GDP, and “intangible assets” such as corporate intellectual property, goodwill, and brand recognition account for 80% of the value of US public companies today. [http://www.sonecon.com/docs/studies/Value_of_Intellectual_Capital_in_American_Economy.pdf]
*Modern patent systems give incentives to inventors to undertake costly investments in time, effort, and resources to generate innovations in hopes of realizing potential profits from them. [http://www.ei.com/downloadables/EI_Patent_Study_Singer.pdf]
*More than 80% of gains in US productivity in the early 2000s could be traced to the development and application of new ideas and technologies (in particular IT) [http://www.sonecon.com/docs/studies/Value_of_Intellectual_Capital_in_American_Economy.pdf]
*Up to 60% of pharmaceutical-research projects that eventually lead to new discoveries would not have occurred without patent-based incentives. [See Thomson Reuters]
*In a 2005 study, Yale economist William Nordhaus estimated that about 4% of the total present value of social returns to innovation is captured by innovators. [http://economics.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Working-Papers/wp000/ddp0006.pdf]
**Most of the benefits of technological change are passed on to consumers rather than captured by producers.
*“Many blame (patent trolls) for a majority of the problems with the patent system. But they bring only a minority of patent suits: 17% of high-tech patent suits in the last eight years”. [http://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=facpubs]
**“Share of hardware patent NPE suits (26%) was nearly triple that of financial patent NPE suits (9%)”
**In only 8% of suits did a large firm sue a small one (predation profile)
**Taken from a study conducted by Colleen Chien from Santa Clara University of Law
**NPEs are defined as trolls in this article
*Only 5% of patents are the subject of licensing and 1% of litigation
**Mark A. Lemley, Rational Ignorance at the Patent Office, 95 NW. U.L REV. 1495, 1507n.55(2001)
*“Lower upfront costs mean lower barriers to entry. Patents can therefore be viewed as increasing entry and competition by lowering the cost of market entry for upstream specialists”
**From article "Elves or Trolls? The role of nonpracticing patent owners in the innovation economy"
*The number of specialist biotechnology firms grew from a handful in 1975 to 4414 globally in 2007
**Ernst and Young (2008), Beyond Borders: Global Biotechnology Report 2008. [http://www.ey.com/Global/assets.nsf/International/Industry_Biotechnology_Beyond_Borders_2008/$file/Biotechnology_Beyond_Borders_2008.pdf]
**Greater number of upstream specialists
*Between 1995 and 2001, median damage awards granted to NPEs versus practicing entities were $5.2 million to $6.2 million, respectively, and this disparity grew between 2002 and 2009 as the median NPE damage award rose to $12.9 million while the median award for practicing entities fell to $3.9 million (PwC 2010 study)
**This statistic could be attributed to the definition of NPEs
*Many people define patent trolls simply as entities that hold patents with no intent of commercializing the invention. This is incredibly broad, and includes universities, individual inventors, think tanks etc.
