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==Overview==
 
Google Scholar does not have its own API provided by Google. This page is dedicated to investigation into alternative methods for parsing and crawling data from Google Scholar.
 
==Existing Libraries==
 
A couple of Python parsers for Google Scholar exist, but they do not satisfy everything we need from this crawler.
 
===Scholar.py===
 
The [https://github.com/ckreibich/scholar.py scholar.py] script is the most extensive command line tool for parsing Google Scholar information. Given a search query, it returns results such as title, URL, year, number of citations, Cluster ID, Citations list, Version list, and an excerpt.
 
For example, once scholar.py is downloaded and all necessary components are installed the following command:
 
python scholar.py -c 3 --phrase "innovation"
 
produces the following result:
 
Title Mastering the dynamics of innovation: how companies can seize opportunities in the face of technological change
URL http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1496719
Year 1994
Citations 5107
Versions 5
Cluster ID 6139131108983230018
Citations list http://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=6139131108983230018&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en
Versions list http://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=6139131108983230018&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5
Excerpt Abstract: Explores how innovation transforms industries, suggesting a strategic model to help firms to adjust to ever-shifting market dynamics. Understanding and adapting to innovation--
'at once the creator and destroyer of industries and corporations'--is essential ...
 
Title National innovation systems: a comparative analysis
URL http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=YFDGjgxc2CYC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=%22innovation%22&ots=Opaxro2BTV&sig=9-svcPMAzs8nHezDp94Z-HATdRk
Year 1993
Citations 8590
Versions 6
Cluster ID 13756840170990063961
Citations list http://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=13756840170990063961&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en
Versions list http://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=13756840170990063961&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5
Excerpt The slowdown of growth in Western industrialized nations in the last twenty years, along with the rise of Japan as a major economic and technological power (and enhanced technical
sophistication of Taiwan, Korea, and other NICs) has led to what the authors believe to be ...
 
Title Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy
URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0048733386900272
Year 1986
Citations 10397
Versions 38
Cluster ID 14785720633759689821
Citations list http://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=14785720633759689821&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en
Versions list http://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=14785720633759689821&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5
Excerpt Abstract This paper attempts to explain why innovating firms often fail to obtain significant economic returns from an innovation, while customers, imitators and other industry participants
benefit Business strategy—particularly as it relates to the firm's decision to ...

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