Changes

==new lit review - needs to be organized==

==data found by other studies==

@article{ahl2006metaresearch},

page={595-621}

abstract={Research articles on women's entrepreneurship reveal, in spite of intentions to the contrary and in spite of inconclusive research results, a tendency to recreate the idea of women as being secondary to men and of women's businesses being of less significance or, at best, as being a complement. Based on a discourse analysis, this article discusses what research practices cause these results. It suggests new research directions that do not reproduce women's subordination but capture more and richer aspects of women's entrepreneurship.},

Has some interesting meta-theories that we could apply to our research of women in entrepreneurship.

}

==Research for women on boards specifically==

@article{ahern2012valuation},

year={2012}

abstract={In 2003, a new law required that 40% of Norwegian firms' directors be women—at the time only 9% of directors were women. We use the prequota cross-sectional variation in female board representation to instrument for exogenous changes to corporate boards following the quota. We find that the constraint imposed by the quota caused a significant drop in the stock price at the announcement of the law and a large decline in Tobin's Q over the following years, consistent with the idea that firms choose boards to maximize value. The quota led to younger and less experienced boards, increases in leverage and acquisitions, and deterioration in operating performance.},

This study from Norway but is interesting still

@article{rose2007danishboards},

page={404-413}

abstract={Board diversity has become a major issue within corporate governance where a number of studies seek to explore the impact of diversity on firm performance. The debate focuses on questions such as whether a corporation’s board should reflect the firm’s stakeholders or be more in line with society in general. This article uses a sample of listed Danish firms during the period of 1998–2001 in a cross sectional analysis. Despite that fact that Denmark has gone very far in the liberalisation of women, Danish board rooms are still to a large extent dominated by men. Contrary to a number of other studies, this article does not find any significant link between firm performance as measured by Tobin’s Q and female board representation. This is also the case for board members’ educational background as well as the proportion of foreigners. It is argued that board members with an unconventional background are socialised unconsciously adopting the ideas of the majority of conventional board members, which entails that a potential performance effect does not materialise.},

==External factors that could explain the data==

title={Women as Entrepreneurs : A Study of Female Business Owners, Their Motivations, Experiences and Strategies for Success},

author={Carter, Sara and Cannon, Tom},

abstract={Intended for business and academic libraries, this book provides case studies of women entrepreneurs. It considers problems which are specific to women in business; these include raising finances, finding clients, and the simultaneous management of domestic commitments, especially childcare.},

filename={Carter et al (1992) - Women as Entrepreneurs: A Study of Female Business Owners, Their Motivations, Experiences, and Strategies for Success}

This examines reasons women may or may not become business owners.

title={Differences between women and men MBA entrepreneurs: exploring family flexibility and wealth creation as career motivators?},

author={DeMartino, Richard, Barbato, Robert},

journal={Journal of Business Venturing},

year={2003},

abstract={Previous research into gender differences among entrepreneurs has yielded varied explanations as to why female entrepreneurs differ from male entrepreneurs. This study explores motivational differences using a sample of MBA entrepreneurs. This allows comparisons between male and female entrepreneurs, who are similar in terms of business education, educational credentials, and other important variables. Logistic regression is used to measure the relationship between career motivators and gender and between career motivators and gender adjusted for marital status and the presence of dependent children. The study concludes that differences between female and male entrepreneurs become larger if the entrepreneurs are married with dependent children.}

Study found that differences between male/female entrepreneurs largest when they're married with dependent children as opposed to unmarried.

title={A profile of woman entrepreneurs and enterprises in Poland},

author={Zapalska, Alina},

journal={Journal of Small Business Management},

year={1997},

abstract={A study investigates whether Polish female entrepreneurs possess the characteristics required for effective performance as entrepreneurs. Trait analysis suggests that there are no significant differences between the psychological propensities of successful female and male entrepreneurs. The study also explores the types of businesses started by Polish women, their business objectives, and the relationship between the entrepreneur's background and the entrepreneur's decision to start a new venture.}

This study found that male and female entrepreneurs don't differ too much psychologically (compared to the study cited above).

==Impacts from less women in VC/entrepreneurship fields==

@article{pines2011financialcrisis},

==Gender Gap in Venture Capital==

number={5},

}

@article{brush2009gender,

year={2009},

publisher={Emerald Group Publishing Limited}

}

}

}

journal={Entrepreneurship theory and practice},

number={5},

}

}

}

year={2009},

publisher={Emerald Group Publishing Limited}

}

year={2007},

publisher={Oxford University Press}

}

}

year={2009},

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

}