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| − | ='''Summary'''= | + | {{McNair Projects |
| − | Small businesses are defined as privately owned and operated companies employing a small number of workers. In the United States, the legal definition of a small business is determined by a set of criterion specified by the [[SBA|Small Business Administration]]. Generally, those criterion mean that a manufacturing business with fewer than 500 employees or a non-manufacturing business with less than $7.5 million in revenue will be considered a small business by the U.S.A. [https://www.sba.gov/contracting/getting-started-contractor/make-sure-you-meet-sba-size-standards/summary-size-standards-industry-sector ] </onlyinclude> Alternatively, the European Union defines a small business as a firm with fewer than 50 employees.[http://ec.europa.eu/growth/smes/business-friendly-environment/sme-definition/index_en.htm ] </onlyinclude> Small business are pervasive throughout the United States and other countries. Typical examples of small businesses include: freight truckers, residential builders, exterior contractors,and architectural contractors[http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/226256]. According to the SBA there are approximately 28 million small businesses in the United States that comprise 55% of all US jobs. Furthermore, the number of small businesses in the United States has increased by approximately 49% since 1982.
| + | |Project Title=Matching VentureOne (Other), |
| | + | |Topic Area=Patents and Innovation, |
| | + | |Owner=Ariel Sun, |
| | + | |Start Term=Summer 2016, |
| | + | |Status=Active, |
| | + | |Deliverable=Other, |
| | + | }} |
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| − | ='''The Small Business Administration'''= | + | ==Data== |
| − | {{:SBA}}
| + | *Get the source file for the VentureOne data |
| | + | :<code>E:\McNair\Projects\Venture One Data\Venture Data 1.xlsx</code> Original data source |
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| − | Agencies affiliated with the SBA include: Small Business Investment Company ([[SBIC]]), Small Business Innovation Research ([[SBIR]]), and Small Business Development Centers ([[SBDC]]).
| + | *Clean it up |
| | + | :<code>E:\McNair\Software\Scripts\Matcher\Input\Venture Data 1.txt</code> extraneous symbols and words removed |
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| − | ==Contact==
| + | *Match it against itself |
| | + | :<code>E:\McNair\Projects\Venture One Data\Cleaned and Matched Data.xlsx</code> |
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| − | Answer desk: answerdesk@sba.gov
| + | *Get the patent data |
| | + | **Draw the distinct assignees |
| | + | :<code>Z:\allpatentsprocessed\DistinctAssignees2.txt </code><br> |
| | + | **Match them against themselves |
| | + | :<code>Z:\allpatentsprocessed\DistinctAssignees2matched.txt </code> |
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| − | Houston office: houston@sba.gov
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| | | | |
| − | Office of Chief Information Officer: (202-205-6708)
| + | *Match venture data to patent data |
| | + | :<code>Z:\allpatentsprocessed\Venture Patent Matched.txt</code> |
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| − | Office of Performance Management and the Chief Financial Officer: (202-205-6449)
| + | *Join <code>patent</code> data to <code>assignee</code> data, creating <code>firstjoin_cleaned</code> |
| − | | + | *Join <code>firstjoin_cleaned</code> data to <code>matchassignee</code> data, creating secondjoin_cleaned</code> |
| − | ==[https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/1-FY%202016%20CBJ%20FY%202014%20APR.PDF FY 2016 Entrepreneurship Goals]==
| + | *Join <code>secondjoin_cleaned</code> data to <code>venturepatentmatched</code> data, creating fourthjoin_cleaned</code> |
| − | Official Goals of the Small Business Administration
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| − | *Broad goal: Strengthen entrepreneurial ecosystems through a variety of strategic partnerships to provide tailored training, mentoring, and advising services that support entrepreneurs during every phase of their business growth. | |
| − | *Performance goal: reach 1.4 million clients with online and in-person training, mentoring, and advising in FY 2016.
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| − | *Programs offered: Small Business Development Centers, Women's Business Centers, SCORE, Learning Center, Boots to Business, Regional Innovation Clusters, Entrepreneurship Education, Emerging Leaders
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| − | *Strategies:
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| − | #Harness SBA's nationwide network of resource partners
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| − | #Improve entrepreneurial ecosystems through cross-agency and public-private partnerships
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| − | #Offer tailored training through structured programs and online access
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| − | | |
| − | ==Budget==
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| − | | |
| − | SBA's total budget request for FY 2016 (including Stafford Act Disaster funding) is $860 million. Of this amount, $3.3 million is for business loan subsidy, $19.9 million for the Office of the Inspector General and $9.1 million for the Office of Advocacy. This total is inclusive of $28 million for administering non-Stafford Act disasters.
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| − | [https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/1-FY_2016_CBJ_FY_2014_APR_508.pdf] </onlyinclude>
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| − | | |
| − | Some 2016 budget reforms include:
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| − | *Launch SBA One, a program designed to increase loan efficiency process
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| − | *Allocates $3 million towards "idea lab" which will help adopt private sector best practices
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| − | | |
| − | For further detail, see [[SBA Budget Graphs]].
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| − | | |
| − | ==Criticisms==
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| − | The most prevalent criticisms of the SBA include [http://www.cato.org/publications/congressional-testimony/waste-fraud-abuse-small-business-administration-programs ]:
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| − | #Creates uneven playing field by aiding some businesses while denying aid to others, thus distorting markets;
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| − | #Duplicating activities already provided in private markets;
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| − | #Harms businesses and consumers;
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| − | #Government intervention in deciding market trends can often bet on the wrong companies at taxpayer expense;
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| − | #SBA fosters corruption.
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| − | Specifically,
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| − | *GAO released Report 10-108 which found that failing to hold firms accountable sent a message to the contracting community that there is no punishment or consequences for committing fraud. See [http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d10108.pdf the report] for more information.
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| − | *The SBA has difficulty in [[SBA Lender and Loan Oversight]]. | |
| − | *The CATO Institute argues that the very conception of the SBA was a bad idea, questioning the federal government's strategy in intervening in the credit market. They say that the United States grew to be an economic powerhouse with a small centralized federal government that largely left business development to the private sector. For more information about the CATO institute's criticism, see this [http://www.cato.org/publications/congressional-testimony/waste-fraud-abuse-small-business-administration-programs article].
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| − | | |
| − | ='''Issues Facing Small Businesses'''=
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| − | ==Health Care==
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| − | | |
| − | {{:Affordable Care Act}}
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| − | ==Access to Capital==
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| − | {{:Access to Capital}}
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| − | ==Student Debt==
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| − | {{:Student Debt}}
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| − | | |
| − | ==Patent Reform==
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| − | | |
| − | {{:Patent Reform}}
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| − | | |
| − | ==Gender Equality==
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| − | ='''Further Reading'''=
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| − | *The Small Business Administration: https://www.sba.gov/
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| − | *The Federal Reserve Board Survey of Small Business Finances: http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/oss/oss3/nssbftoc.htm | |
| − | *Trends in Small Business: http://smallbiztrends.com/
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| − | *Growthology (Kauffman) : http://www.kauffman.org/blogs/growthology
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| − | [[Blog Post]]
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| − | | |
| − | ='''References'''=
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| − | 1. http://www.gallup.com/businessjournal/186179/student-loan-debt-major-barrier-entrepreneurship.aspx
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| − | 2. http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/237926
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| − | 3. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2417676
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| − | 4. http://www.gallup.com/businessjournal/181592/potential-entrepreneurs-aren-taking-plunge.aspx
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| − | 5. http://www.forbes.com/sites/kauffman/2014/09/15/student-debt-and-the-millennial-entrepreneurship-paradox/#286763962f70
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| − | 6. http://obamacarefacts.com/obamacare-small-business/
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| − | 7. https://www.sba.gov/contracting/getting-started-contractor/make-sure-you-meet-sba-size-standards/summary-size-standards-industry-sector
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| − | 8. http://ec.europa.eu/growth/smes/business-friendly-environment/sme-definition/index_en.htm
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| − | | |
| − | ===SBIC===
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| − | *[http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-16-107 GAO report on SBIC]
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| − | **GAO recommended that SBA provide guidance to SBIC on how to collect and report data on their investments in minority, women, and veteran owned businesses.
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| − | *[http://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/description-of-the-small-business-23940/ Description of the SBIC Debenture Program]
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| − | ===SBIR===
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| − | *[http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/669651.pdf GAO report finds SBIR data reporting inadequate]
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| − | ===McNair Center Internal===
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| − | [[McNair Center-specific courses of further action regarding SBA]]
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| − | ===Articles===
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| − | [[SBA and Data Reporting]]
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