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Protected "VC Acquisitions Paper" [edit=trusted:move=trusted:read=trusted]
This page details the work rebuilding [[Brander Egan (2007) - The Role of VCs in Acquisitions]] in to a new paper for our submission to the RCFS special issue and associated conference.
Connect to the Postgres database (inside the Berkeley network only) with: psql -h 128.32.252204.201 203 -U ed_egan Acqs
==Submission DetailsCurrent Status== This paper was submitted (dual submission) to the 3rd Annual Entrepreneurial Finance and Innovation Conference (EFIC) conference and the Review of Corporate Finance Studies (RCFS). It was rejected from both.  The key points from the reviewers were:*We should explain how we get a different result from Masulis and Nahata (2011), who find a +3% return premium to VC-backed acquisitions*We should use our continous measures of IA (i.e., look to find a monotonic effect). And consider within-industry acquisitions to see whether this mitigates IA problems.*To back up the winner's curse we should consider the number of competing bidders.*Possibly we should consider long rum performance and attempt to explain why the acquirers buy VC-backed firms.*Focus less on the univariate results. The obvious possibilities for this paper are to:*Focus more on the IA.*Do a supply-side VC analysis (i.e., include reputations, the possibility of grandstanding, etc.) The immediate 'to do' is:*Read the Masulis and Nahata (2011) paper carefully.*Do a proper literature review again! ===Lit Review=== The main [[VC Acquisitions Lit Review]] page details searches for papers related to the intersection of venture capital, acquisitions and explaining abnormal returns.
The Third Entrepreneurial Finance and Innovation Conference on June 10th-11th in BostonThere are seperate lit reviews for related topics, MA, is supported by the Kauffman Foundation and the Society for financial studies. Conference papers will be considered for inclusion such as:*[[Information Asymmetry Measures]]*[[Information Asymmetry in a special issue of the Acquisitions Lit Review of Corporate Finance Studies. ]]*[[The Winners Curse]]
The conference details are herekey papers found were: http://sites.kauffman.org/efic/overview.cfm*[[Masulis Nahata (2011) - Venture Capital Conflicts Of Interest]]*[[Gompers Xuan (2008) - Bridge Building In Venture Capital Backed Acquisitions]]*[[Gompers Xuan (2006) - The Role Of Venture Capitalists In The Acquisition Of Private Companies]]*[[Benson Ziedonis (2010) - Corporate Venture Capital And The Returns To Acquiring Portfolio Companies]]
The deadline for submission is '''March 7th, 2012''', though earlier submission is encouraged. Authors will be notified if their paper has been selected by the end of April.====Comparing Results====
The program committee includes: Thomas HellmannComparing our CARs with those from the literature (some values are inferred - see the review pages) Our Paper M&N'11 G&X'06 G&X'08 B&Z'10 Data Range 80-'10 91-06 90-01 92-06 80-03 Model Mkt Sub Mkt Mkt Mkt Univariate Private Target 0.7% 4.8% 1.5% NA NA VC 0.3% 6.3% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% Non-VC 0.8% 3.4% 1.6% NA NA With Controls VC indicator 0.5% 2.7% 0.3% Target Ind. Q 4.8% Related 0.5% R2 1.6% 4.3% 1.6% N 22, Adam Jaffe, Bill Kerr, Josh Lerner, David Robinson, Morten Sorenson, Bob Strom, and others.961 490 8693 1261 489
==Errors in the existing version==
The Dierkins 1991 reference is missingNote that using the subtraction model our univariate results are: @article{dierkens1991information0.95% (all), title={Information asymmetry 0.98% (Non-VC) and equity issues}, author={Dierkens, N0.59% (VC).}, journal={Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis}, volume={26}, number={2}, pages={181--199}, year={1991}, publisher={Cambridge Univ Press} }
The Boehmer reference has a typo - the second author is Mus'''u'''meci. Also, in para 2, p.19, I think it was McKinley that "suggest[ed] a method that combines both cross-sectional and time-series information..."==Latest Version==
Other points:*There were a few other typos.*Also The latest version of the GX paper gets very little mention - I thought we had a whole subsection devoted to them...is:*I was surprised that we didn't have a year fixed[[:Image:Brander Egan (2012) -effect variable Investor Expectations and the Role of Venture Capitalists in the main analysis Acquisitions.doc |Brander Egan (though we have ''Boom'', which is more interesting2012)- Investor Expectations and the Role of Venture Capitalists in Acquisitions.doc]]
==Rebuilding Note: This version was submitted to the Paper==both the EFIC and RCFS.
The paper required a complete rebuild of all the resultscurrent reference is:*Brander, James A., and Edward J. Egan (2012), with the data updated to "Investor Expectations and the end Role of 2011. We can also consider several extensions to Venture Capitalists in Acquisitions: Bargaining and the Winner’s Curse", Working paper, detailed March 2012, under review for inclusion in the Third Entrepreneurial Finance and Innovation Conference and a later sectionspecial issue of Review of Corporate Finance Studies.
===Acquisitions Data=Submission Details==
====SDC Search Criteria====SDC search criteria:*US Targets*Announced: 1/1/1980 This paper was '''submitted''' under the dual-submission process to 12/31/2011*Target Nation: US*Acquiror Nation: US*Target Status: Private (V)*Acquirer Status: Public (P)*Percentage of Shares Owned after Transaction: 100 to 100 (will exclude those with missing data)both the '''3rd EFIC and the RCFS''' on March 7th.
====SDC Variables====The Third Entrepreneurial Finance and Innovation Conference (EFIC) on June 10th-11th in Boston, MA, is supported by the Kauffman Foundation and the Society for financial studies. Conference papers will be considered for inclusion in a special issue of the Review of Corporate Finance Studies (RCFS).
The following variables were pulledconference details are here:http://sites.kauffman.org/efic/overview.cfm
YEARANNAuthors will be notified if their paper has been selected by the end of April. The program committee includes: Thomas Hellmann, YEAREFFAdam Jaffe, DABill Kerr, DEJosh Lerner, DATEANNORIG_DAYSDavid Robinson, PCTACQMorten Sorenson, PCTOWNBob Strom, DAE, DATEEFFEXP, DUNCON, DAO, VALAMEND, VEST, STATC, VAL, ENTVAL, EQVAL, BIDCOUNT, CONSID_STRUCTURE, CONSID_STRUCT_DESC, CURRC, COUNT_CONSIDO, COUNT_CONSIDS, A_POSTMERGE_OWN_PCT, PCTOWN, PCT_STK, PCT_CASH, PCT_OTHER, PCT_UNKNOWN, AN, ANL, ANATC, ANAICP, AIN, ACU, ASTC, ASTIC, AIP, AUP, AEXCH, ACITY, AZIP, ALBOFIRM, TN, TIN, TCU, TLBOFIRM, TNL, TNATC, TNAICP, TSTC, STIC, TCITY, TZIP, IASS, COMEQ, BV, TASS, SALES, TASS, TLIA, RND, BNKRUPT, TWOSTEPSPIN, CHA, DBT_RESTRUCT, DUTCH, PRIVATIZATION, FBNK, RECAP, GOV_OWN_INVOLV_YN, JV, RESTR, LBO, LIQ, MOE, OMKT, IPO, REVERSE, RUM, SBO, SPIN, SPLITand others.
This provided (of particular note):*Target Name*Acquirer Name*Transaction Value*Payment Method*Acquisition announcement date *Payment method (cash/stock/mix)*PC of stock in ==Rebuilding the deal*No. of bidders*Acquirer CUSIP*Target NAIC*Acquirer NAIC*Age (of target)*Sales (of target)*Leverage (of target)*Intangible Assets (of target)Paper==
New Flags The paper required a complete rebuild of all the results, with the data updated to the end of 2011. We can also consider several extensions to the paper, detailed in SDC (downloaded for exclusions):*Bankruptcy Flag*Failed bank Flag*Leveraged Buyout Flag*Reverse LBO Flag*Spinoff Flag*Splitoff Flag*Target is a Leveraged Buyout Firm*And many others. These will be reviewed and excludedlater section.
===Dataset Processing Notes===
#The acquisitions data was retrieved from SDC (see below) and imported into Postgres. There were 41,572 records.
#The flag variables were reviewed for variation - some had no bite (e.g. Spinoff, TwoStepSpinOff, and Splitoff) and were ignored. Others led to data being discarded as flag exclusions.
#All variables were checked for coding, range, dispersion, etc. The following were of particular note:
#Restriction were placed on the data (Completion, flags, exclude LBOs) etc. This reduced the data to 40,035 observations
#Certain variables were reprocessed , e.g. Percentage Shares, NAIC codes, etc. (see below)
#Acquiror and Target names were keyed to account for repetitions etc.
#Duplicate acquisition data (same event) was eliminated
#Multiple acquisition of the same target (i.e. a target is acquired, spun-off and acquired again, etc) were eliminated.
#CUSIPs were processed into 6, 8, and 9 digit variables, by search searching COMPUSTAT annual data (Jan 1978 - Jan 2012) using the 6 digit CUSIP and then finding the correct 9 digit CUSIP for a particular issue-year. Note that a 9 digit CUSIP is a 6 digit Issuer Number, a 2 digit Issue Number, and a check digit. CRSP uses 8 digit Cusips. There were 27,401 acquisitions with 7,348 valid CUSIPs.
#CRSP data was retrieved and processed (see below). After processing we had data for 23,802 observations.
#COMPUSTAT data was retrieved and processed (see below)
*State codes were reprocessed to numerics using the lookup table below
*IT, BT (Biotech), HT (Hightech) and NAIC1, NAIC2, NAIC3, Indu1, Indu2, Indu3 variables were created using the lookup tables below (see the variable descriptions for more info). Note that the IT, BT and HT variables were coding using aggregate codes whereever possible (i.e. 517110, etc, all appear in IT and cover the 517 code entirely, so the 517 block would be coded as IT even if SDC recorded the code as 517000.
 
===Acquisitions Data===
 
====SDC Search Criteria====
SDC search criteria:
*US Targets
*Announced: 1/1/1980 to 12/31/2011
*Target Nation: US
*Acquiror Nation: US
*Target Status: Private (V)
*Acquirer Status: Public (P)
*Percentage of Shares Owned after Transaction: 100 to 100 (will exclude those with missing data)
 
====SDC Variables====
 
The following variables were pulled:
 
YEARANN, YEAREFF, DA, DE, DATEANNORIG_DAYS, PCTACQ, PCTOWN, DAE, DATEEFFEXP, DUNCON, DAO, VALAMEND, VEST, STATC, VAL, ENTVAL, EQVAL, BIDCOUNT, CONSID_STRUCTURE, CONSID_STRUCT_DESC, CURRC, COUNT_CONSIDO, COUNT_CONSIDS, A_POSTMERGE_OWN_PCT, PCTOWN, PCT_STK, PCT_CASH, PCT_OTHER, PCT_UNKNOWN, AN, ANL, ANATC, ANAICP, AIN, ACU, ASTC, ASTIC, AIP, AUP, AEXCH, ACITY, AZIP, ALBOFIRM, TN, TIN, TCU, TLBOFIRM, TNL, TNATC, TNAICP, TSTC, STIC, TCITY, TZIP, IASS, COMEQ, BV, TASS, SALES, TASS, TLIA, RND, BNKRUPT, TWOSTEPSPIN, CHA, DBT_RESTRUCT, DUTCH, PRIVATIZATION, FBNK, RECAP, GOV_OWN_INVOLV_YN, JV, RESTR, LBO, LIQ, MOE, OMKT, IPO, REVERSE, RUM, SBO, SPIN, SPLIT
 
This provided (of particular note):
*Target Name
*Acquirer Name
*Transaction Value
*Payment Method
*Acquisition announcement date
*Payment method (cash/stock/mix)
*PC of stock in the deal
*No. of bidders
*Acquirer CUSIP
*Target NAIC
*Acquirer NAIC
*Age (of target)
*Sales (of target)
*Leverage (of target)
*Intangible Assets (of target)
 
New Flags in SDC (downloaded for exclusions):
*Bankruptcy Flag
*Failed bank Flag
*Leveraged Buyout Flag
*Reverse LBO Flag
*Spinoff Flag
*Splitoff Flag
*Target is a Leveraged Buyout Firm
*And many others. These will be reviewed and excluded.
Other Notes:
**Let <math>\epsilon</math> be the residual from the mkt model regression. Then calc: <math>\sigma_{\epsilon}={( \mathbb{E}(\epsilon - \mathbb{E} \epsilon))}^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>
**RMSE of the Mkt Model: <math>RMSE={( \mathbb{E}(X- \mathbb{E} X))}^{\frac{1}{2}}</math> - this is in the ereturn list in STATA and will be used for the Patell Standard Errors.
*Then other variables were calculated or included:
**The cummulative return <math>CAR_i = \sum_t AR_i</math>
**THe The price 30 days before the acquisition was recorded for the market value calculation
===COMPUSTAT Data===
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