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University Patents (view source)

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====Other Discoveries====

=== The Bayh-Dole Act and High-Technology Entrepreneurship in U.S. Universities: Chicken, Egg, or Something Else? ===

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.484.1612&rep=rep1&type=pdf

==== Findings ====

* University research has an unusually significant impact on industrial innovation in the biomedical sector

* " This work also suggests that academic research rarely produces “prototypes” of inventions for development

and commercialization by industry—instead, academic research informs the methods and disciplines

employed by firms in their R&D facilities."

* The U.S. higher education system is much larger and more heterogenous than other developed countries - this encourages competition

* The passage of the Bayh-Dole Act was one part of a broader shift in U.S. policy toward stronger

intellectual property rights

* "Universities increased their share of patenting from less than 0.3% in 1963 to nearly 4% by 1999, but the rate of growth in this

share begins to accelerate before rather than after 1980."

==== Data Sources ====

==== Critiques ====

==== Other Discoveries ====

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