The promotion of Free Enterprise as an American ideal originates in libertarian and conservative responses to the New Deal. Rippa (1958, 1959) shows how free enterprise was promoted in school textbooks. St. John (2010) examines its promotion in newspapers. Fines-Wolf (1994) examines the promotion of free enterprise ideals by National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) in the post-war period.
The ethics of the free enterprise system has also been a subject of discussion.
Erteszek (1982) asserts that "the moral basis of a free enterprise system faces both new and persistent challenges... these challenges cannot be met without a new, ethical vision of private enterprise, and a reconfiguration of the moral purpose of corporate life... The experience of history indicates that man will not act nobly, with compassion and fidelity, simply out of enlightened self-interest... the new vision needed by modern man and woman is to be found not in self-interest but in Judeo-Christian virtues... the Judeo-Christian system has the power to transform modern man and to stimulate him to a life of service, stewardship and compassion."
Wishloff (2003) argues that "an economic system of responsible free enterprise.. [would] be accompanied by a sense of social and moral responsibility which might have to be encouraged and enforced by the government... Our enterprises, taken as a whole, are not fulfilling their social and moral responsibilities... the root cause of [this problem is] adherence to the metaphysics of material scientism... Common sense realism is proposed as a more suitable alternative."
==Free Enterprise as Response to New Deal==
'''St. John III, Burton. 2010. “A VIEW THAT’S FIT TO PRINT: The National Association of Manufacturers’ Free Enterprise Rhetoric as Integration Propaganda in The New York Times, 1937–1939.” Journalism Studies 11 (3): 377–392.
abstract = {I wish to emphasize at the outset that this article does not present a general ethical system or
a specific ethical code to guide business behavior. Too many philosophers and economists,
year = {1978},
pages = {1},
file = {Social Responsibility in the Enterprise Economy 10 Southwestern University Law Review 1978:files/106/LandingPage.html:text/html}
}
'''Barach, Jeffrey A., and John B. Elstrott. 1988. “The Transactional Ethic: The Ethical Foundations of Free Enterprise Reconsidered.” Journal of Business Ethics 7 (7): 545–551.'''
abstract = {ADAM SMITH'S theory has been chosen as a text simply because I know no better start from
which to examine the issue before us. I have yet to find a more careful, thorough, detailed,
year = {1967},
pages = {1--11},
file = {Snapshot:files/90/full.html:text/html}
}
==William Baumol==
'''Baumol, William J. 1968. “Entrepreneurship in Economic Theory.” The American Economic Review, 64–71.'''
'''———. 1996. “Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive.” Journal of Business Venturing 11 (1): 3–22.'''
'''———. 2002. The Free-Market Innovation Machine: Analyzing the Growth Miracle of Capitalism. Princeton University Press.
'''
@article{baumol_entrepreneurship_1968, title ={Entrepreneurship in economic theory}, url ={http://www.jstor.org/stable/1831798 }, abstract = {The entrepreneur is at the same time one of the most intriguing and one of the most elusive characters in the cast that constitutes the sub-ject of economic analysis. He has long been recognized as the apex of the hierarchy that determinies the behavior of the firm and thereby bears a heavy responsibility for the vitality of the free enterprise society. In the writings of the classical economist his appearance was frequent, though he remained a shadowy entity without clearly defined form and function. Only Schumpeter and, to some degree}, urldate = {2017-07-19}, journal = {The American economic review}, author = {Baumol, William BaumolJ.}, year ={1968}, pages ={64--71}}
abstract = {The basic hypothesis is that, while the total supply of entrepreneurs varies among societies,
the productive contribution of the society's entrepreneurial activities varies much more
}
@article{baumol_entrepreneurship_1968,
title = {Entrepreneurship in economic theory},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1831798},
abstract = {The entrepreneur is at the same time one of the most intriguing and one of the most elusive
characters in the cast that constitutes the sub-ject of economic analysis. He has long been
recognized as the apex of the hierarchy that determinies the behavior of the firm and thereby
bears a heavy responsibility for the vitality of the free enterprise society. In the writings of the
classical economist his appearance was frequent, though he remained a shadowy entity
without clearly defined form and function. Only Schumpeter and, to some degree},
urldate = {2017-07-19},
journal = {The American economic review},
author = {Baumol, William J.},
year = {1968},
pages = {64--71}
}
@book{baumol_free-market_2002,
}
==Corporate Social Responsibility==
=='''Drucker, Peter F. 1984. “Converting Social Problems into Business Opportunities: The New Meaning of Corporate Social Responsibility==.” California Management Review 26 (2): 53–63.'''
@article{drucker_converting_1984,
volume = {26},
shorttitle = {Converting social problems into business opportunities},
abstract = {Increasingly, "Social Responsibility of Business" in the years to come will no longer mean "Doing Good" or "Not Doing Harm." It will have to come to mean converting social problems into opportunities for profitable business},
number = {2},
file = {Snapshot:files/55/scholar.html:text/html}
}
'''Davis, Keith. 1960. “Can Business Afford to Ignore Social Responsibilities?” California Management Review 2 (3): 70–76. doi:10.2307/41166246.'''
@article{davis_can_1960,
volume = {2},
issn = {0008-1256},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41166246},
doi = {10.2307/41166246},
abstract = {Few persons would deny that there are significant changes taking place in social, political,
}
==Milton Friedman==
=='''Friedman, Milton , and Rose D. Friedman==,. n.d. Free to Choose: A Personal Statement.'''
@book{friedman_free_nodate,
title = {Free to {Choose}: {A} {Personal} {Statement}},
journal = {Corporate ethics and corporate governance},
year = {2007},
pages = {173--178},
file = {[PDF] from umich.edu:files/99/Friedman - 2007 - The social responsibility of business is to increa.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:files/100/978-3-540-70818-6.html:text/html}
}
==Students' Hostility to Free Enterprise (from the late 1970s)==
=='''Kilpatrick, James L. 1975. “Why Students' Hostility Are Hostile to Free Enterprise .” College Store Journal 42 (from the late 1970s6)==: 92–3.'''
@article{kilpatrick_why_1975,
title = {Why {Students} {Are} {Hostile} to {Free} {Enterprise}.},
volume = {42},
url = {https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ126144},
abstract = {A Gallup study is described, which was commissioned by Oklahoma State Christian College
regarding the philosophical orientation of college students generally (liberal or
}
'''Metzner, Henry E., and Edwin C. Sims. 1978. “Student Attitudes toward the Free Enterprise System.” The Journal of Economic Education 10 (1): 46–50. doi:10.2307/1182166.'''
@article{metzner_student_1978,
volume = {10},
issn = {0022-0485},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1182166},
doi = {10.2307/1182166},
abstract = {Over 56 percent of the respondents to the survey felt large companies engaged in
==Reagan Administration==
'''Cavanach, Gerald E. 1982. “Free Enterprise Values: Delayed Gratification or Immediate Fulfillment.” Review of Social Economy 40 (3): 330–339.
abstract = {When Adam Smith died 200 years ago today, the event was greeted in the Times by a
supercilious obituary which alleged that he had courted local opinion in a commercial town
}
==Critics of Free Enterprise==
'''Arnold, N. Scott. 1990. “Economists and Philosophers as Critics of the Free Enterprise System.” The Monist 73 (4): 621–641.'''
==Critics of Free Enterprise==
@article{arnold_economists_1990,
title = {Economists and {Philosophers} as {Critics} of the {Free} {Enterprise} {System}},
volume = {73},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/27903213},
abstract = {A favorite topic in academic political philosophy in the last third of the twentieth century has
been the shortcomings of the economic system under which most of us live. Though in
}
==Arthur C. Brooks==
==Arthur C. Brooks==
@book{brooks_road_2012'''Brooks, title = {Arthur C. 2011. The road to freedomBattle: how to win How the fight for free enterprise}, shorttitle = {The road to freedom}, url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=5tNvv4I4Z4IC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=info:9XgI-cmWyN8J:scholar.googleFight between Free Enterprise and Big Government Will Shape America’s Future.com&ots=izIJ1ScO7I&sig=uJPX-iEWTQlejSZ5WckAuQB_sIA}, urldate = {2017-07-19}, publisher = {Basic Books (AZ)}, author = {Brooks, Arthur C.}, year = {2012}, file = {Snapshot:files/70/books.html:text/html}}'''
@book{brooks_battle:_2011,
title = {The battle: {How} the fight between free enterprise and big government will shape {America}'s future},
abstract = {Abstract Memorandum from future Supreme Court Justice Lewis F. Powell to the US
Chamber of Commerce. This document came to be widely known as the Powell
}
==Evolutionary Psychology==
'''Richerson, Peter, and Rob Boyd. 2008. “The Evolution of Free Enterprise Values.” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id==Evolutionary Psychology==929169.'''
@article{richerson_evolution_2008,
title = {The evolution of free enterprise values},