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{{McNair ProjectsBlogPost|Project TitleHas title= Entrepreneurship and the 2016 Election (Blog Post)|Topic Area= Social Factors in Entrepreneurship|OwnerHas author= Dylan Dickens|Start TermPart of series= Summer Election 2016|End TermHas content status= Summer 2016Published|StatusHas Graphics status= ActiveApproved|DeliverableHas blog image= Blog Post|AudienceHas publication date= General Public|Skills Needed= Writing I|Keywords= Clinton, Trump, Election, Entrepreneurship, Small Business, Healthcare, Immigration, Regulation, Policy, Obamacare, Affordable Care ActSeptember 26 2016 |Primary BillingHas processing notes=AccMcNair01

==Abstract==Neither The relative absence of the presumptive candidates, Trump and Clinton, have done a great job outlining their plans for small business and entrepreneurshipin election rhetoric from either party is disappointing. Rather than dig through past statements, this blog post links entrepreneurship to health careJob creation, government regulationprotecting jobs, and immigration, and indirectly analyzes getting the most out of the candidates support for small business from therelabor force are frequent topics of discussion.

==Text==:After a powerful 60-40 victory over fellow Democratic nominee Bernie Sanders in Puerto Rico this past Monday, supplemented with an additional wave of support from superdelegates, [http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/06/politics/hillary-clinton-nomination-2016/ CNN] declared Hillary Clinton the presumptive nominee for the Democratic party. She now joins presumptive Republican nominee Donald Trump on still highly-contested and now highly predictable November 2016 presidential ballot. Over the course of the electionHowever, both presumptive candidates have remainedsurprisingly little to say about entrepreneurship, with the exception largest net creator of Hillary's recent and non-specific [https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/small-business/ issue webpage] on small business, silent and non-committal on jobs in the topics of entrepreneurship and small business policyUnited States.

:In light of this information deficit, growing concerns over the future of entrepreneurship have been amassing, as demonstrated at the Kauffman Foundation's 2016 State of Why is Entrepreneurship [http://www.gvhlive.com/gvh-daily/2016/2/23/is-entrepreneurship-at-risk-in-the-2016-election Address]. While specific candidate platforms have not been announced in regards to entrepreneurship, three of the main policy areas discussed in the election; health care, economic regulation, and immigration, all directly relate to the prosperity of an American entrepreneurship ecosystem. Through an analysis of Clinton and Trump's statements in these three topic areas, a better understanding of the potential post-2016 futures of entrepreneurship may come to light. Policy Important?

:Health Care regulation, specifically the [[Affordable Care Act|Patient Protection The American economy relies on entrepreneurship. Micro and Affordable Care Act]], macro economists agree that it has resounding positive economic effects. Entrepreneurship has also known as "Obamacare," has been accused of [http://www.investors.com/liberallinked to non-study-finds-obamanomics-killed-the-american-entrepreneur/ "killing"] small business. A 2012 [http://www.gallup.com/poll/152654/health-costs-gov-regulations-curb-small-business-hiring.aspx Gallup] poll of small business owners found that nearly half of small business owners point to potential healthcare costs (48%) and government regulations (46%) economic benefits such as reasons why they are NOT hiring new employees. In spite of this surveycommunity development, the 2009-2015 head of the Congressional Budget Office, [http://obamacarefacts.com/obamacare-small-business/ Douglas Elmendorf]social change, and [http://obamacarefactsan increase in egalitarianism.com/obamacare-small-business/ John Arensmeyer], founder and CEO of It is not hard to see why Entrepreneur magazine says entrepreneurs represent the Small Business Majority, have both released statements questioning any long-term negative effects “backbone of the Affordable Care Act and have even suggested that there will be benefits. Little conclusive evidence has been found on the effects of the Affordable Care Act on small business one way or the otherAmerica.”

:Economic regulation, in a similar vein to healthcare reform, U.S. entrepreneurship has been purported as a [http://wwwtwo major categories.investors.com/liberalOne is high-study-finds-obamanomics-killedtech, high-growth industry like the-american-entrepreneur/ cause] for the decline kind seen in small business. In a 2015 [http://centerforregulatorysolutions.org/fixing-the-nations-broken-regulatory-system/ report] from the Center for Regulatory Solutions Karen Kerrigan, the president & CEO of the Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council, suggests that a general streamlining and reduction of the United States' economic regulations would help the growth of small businessSilicon Valley or on Massachusetts Route 128. The 2016 [http://www.kauffman.org/neg/section-7#acceleratinggrowthbycurbingregressiveregulation New Entrepreneurial Growth Agenda] published by the Kauffman Foundation, proposes that reform in small business regulation and a decrease in regressive "barrier" regulation other is the key to small business growth, and that increased regulations on larger companies may be beneficial. Across both theories little empirical evidence exists to show the effects of regulation on small business and rather are generated through the studies and opinions of experts in the fieldmedium-sized enterprises owned by self-employed Americans.

:Immigration has been highlighted by the [http://sbecouncil.org/2014/07/21/entrepreneurship-immigration-reform-and-the-economy/ Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council] as a key issue in small business and entrepreneurship. The council cites 2008 recession caused a 2012 [https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/rs396tot.pdf report] from the [[Small Business Administration]] that reveals higher rates dip in business ownership, business formation, business exportation among the U.S. immigrant population as compared to the non-immigrant populationentrepreneurship, disproportionately affecting these small firms. The council further quotes These enterprises experienced a 2014 Kauffman Foundation [http://www.kauffman.org/~/media/kauffman_org/research%20reports%20and%20covers/2014/04/kiea_2014_report.pdf report] in saying that "Immigrants were drop of nearly twice as likely to start businesses each month as were the native-born in 2013150," as well as [https://www.sba.gov/blogs/nation000 less than 1-immigrantsyear-old businesses between 2008 and2010. High-entrepreneurs Karen Gordon Mills], the former Administrator of the U.S. Small Business Administrationtech, high-growth firms experienced a dip as saying: “In 2011 alone, immigrants started 28 percent of all new Uwell.S. businessesVenture capital dropped from roughly 4, despite accounting for only 13 percent of the U.S. population." The array of above testimony seems 000 deals a year to imply that a healthy intake of immigrants is an important component 3,500 in a healthy entrepreneurship ecosystemthe same period.

:Returning to the presumptive Trump vU.sS. Clinton ballot awaiting America in the Fall, it is imperative to review the two candidate's positions across these three areas. Hillary Clinton, whose website claims she will "be the small business president," takes a strong stance on healthcare, [https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/healthBureau of Labor Statistics data shows that both high-care/ vowing] to defend the Affordable Care Act tech firms and strengthen its benefits while minimizing its detriments in regards to small business. A position which reflects the ACA's seemingly sometimes positive, sometimes negative relationship with small business. In regards to economic regulation, Clinton does not appear to be shy, [https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/itsmedium-timesized businesses now approach pre-raise-incomes-hard-working-americans-hillary2008 levels. Venture capital investment in high-clinton supporting] paid family leave, higher minimum wage, stronger unionsgrowth, equal pay and 2010 Doddhigh-Frank financial regulation lawtech firms has nearly doubled. Her [https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/small-business/ small business web page] also claims that she supports reducing regulation and red tape on entrepreneurs howeverAccording to PricewaterhouseCoopers data, once again reflecting both sides of an issue that academia has yet to find compelling evidence aggregated investment dollars totaled $30 billion in. Finally, on immigration, Clinton [https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/immigration-reform/ proposes] comprehensive reform promoting immigration and integration with a pathway 2013 compared to citizenship for undocumented immigrants and roughly $60 billion in defense of the many steps President Obama has made towards reform. On this issue Hillary Clinton seems to strongly support a healthy entrepreneurship ecosystem for the future2015.

:On the other side of the aisle, Donald Trump wholly [https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/healthcare-reform opposes] the Affordable Care Act, stating that he will request a congressional repeal of the act on his first day in office. Furthermore, Trump proposes Pew Research Center polling show an absolute free-market approach to healthcare from there on out, a proposal that would have seemingly mixed results for small business. Trump has spoke out sweepingly against economic regulations and government interference as early as [http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/feb/7/no-ones-apprentice/ 2012]. While vehemently against economic regulation, Trump strongly [http://www.nationalreview.com/article/265269/trumped-daniel-foster?utm_source=jolt&utm_medium=email&utm_term=Jolt&utm_campaign=Jolt06232015 supports] overall desire by the 2005 'Kelo v. City of New London' Supreme Court decision which allows for imminent domain public to be invoked engage in cases where the government would generate more tax revenueentrepreneurial activities. This record on government regulation would once again seem to indicate mixed results The poll indicates 71% and 68% favorability rates for small businessbusinesses and tech firms respectively. Finally, Trump has aggressively opposed immigration throughout the campaign, proposing Smart public policy is critical to "[https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/pay-for-the-wall build a wall] between the United States harness this popular support and Mexico as well as [http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/07/politics/donald-trump-muslim-ban-immigration/ banning] Muslim travel to the U.S.. Trump then, seems squarely against promoting a healthy entrepreneurship ecosystem on the issue of immigrationimmense economic power.

:Regardless of who ends up sitting Entrepreneurship in the Oval Office come 2017, entrepreneurship will continue in the United States. Across the areas of health care, economic regulation, and immigration, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton differ greatly. While it may be difficult to determine the empirical effects of the Affordable Care Act and government regulation on small business at this time, Clinton appears to have the more flexible and entrepreneurship-focused stance on these issues. The fact that she is the only one of the two candidates to have an "issues" page on small business is a further testament to this. In the area of immigration, support for immigrants, both socially and politically, seems to bolster a healthy entrepreneurship ecosystem. In this issue and in the previous two Clinton seems to support this ecosystem better than Trump.2016 Election

==References==Discussions of entrepreneurship have been largely absent from the election. Many of the policy issues that have been discussed could indirectly impact entrepreneurship, especially those concerning economic regulation, immigration, and healthcare. Policies focused on areas adjacent to entrepreneurship, including capital investments, STEM research, and high-tech education, are also important.Built However, a primary focus should be on getting capital directly into entrepreneurship markets. Competitive capital is crucial - government money is sometimes invested instartups that are unlikely to succeed, which leads to a “crowding-out” effect. See above for nowThe government should invest along side competitive, returns-focused capital to promote the development of America's high-tech high-growth industry and its small business economy. <!-- flush flush --><!-- flush flush --><!-- flush flush --> [[Category:Entrepreneurship Policy]]