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==Notes==
===Research of Bruce Katz and Julie Wagoner, Brookings Institute===
Broad net
•Any U.S. urban neighborhood in proximity to major medical centers could qualify regard less of geography, infrastructure, or presence of any high-tech, high-growth firm. Examples studied by group led by Katz include:
Philadelphia
Oklahoma City
Fort Worth
Houston (not extensively)
•Include some genuine success stories: Kendall Square, South Lake Union private-sector development where local government got out of the way, but do not focus on these examples.
•Include urban redevelopment projects. For example:
Detroit
South Boston Seaport
♣ Original plan included high-tech, high-growth entrepreneurs
♣ Subsequent development seems to have priced new firms out of space
♣ Some of the original members of entrepreneurial ecosystem relocated
•Includes research parks, so definition can include Research Park which a new design plan proposes to “urbanize”
•City profiles cheer a variety urban renewal development that can fit within this broad definition. For example:
Chattanooga
Fort Worth
•Brookings receives donor support from institutions involved in innovation district projects it accesses, For example:
Philadelphia & OKC reports
Also New York Times article supporting documents included discussions of connecting KKR (real estate developers) to contacts in Detroit and Philadelphia
Philadelphia & OKC report include disclaimers about donors influencing outcomes.
•Makes claim that innovation districts can mitigate income inequality.
oWhen describing “Innovation districts” near medical centers, claims that 50% of STEM careers in these locales do not require bachelor’s degrees, suggesting that they are counting medical techs, nurse’s aids, etc. as “STEM careers”
oMany of jobs most accessible to less well-educated workers would be in the service sector. No evidence that these would be well-paying.
oClose examinations of Philadelphia and Oklahoma City suggest that residents from nearby impoverished zip codes are not taking jobs in the “innovation district.”
=Zip codes to compare for "Innovation Districts"=
==Detroit==
