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American Conservatism (view source)
Revision as of 13:39, 21 September 2020
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{{Project|Has project output=Content|Has sponsor=McNair ProjectsCenter
|Has title=American Conservatism
|Has owner=Anne Dayton,
}}
==Summary==
American conservatism began to get sustained attention from academic historians after Alan Brinkley's 1994 article "the Problem of American Conservatism." Brinkley argued that since historians were generally unsympathetic to conservatism, they tended to ignore conservative movements and thinkers, characterizing conservatives as reactionaries on the wrong side of a progressive historical narrative. Brinkley's article inspired a generation of historians to take conservatism seriously. Zelizer (2010) is a review essay of work inspired by Brikley's article. Kazin's (1992) review article shows that serious study of U.S. conservatism predates Brinkley's article.
Genovese (1932-2012) a historian of the American South and American slavery, was best known for ''Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made'' (1974), which won the Bancroft Prize in 1975. Originally a Marxist who applied Antonio Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony to slavery, Genovese became a conservative while researching 'The Southern Tradition: The Achievement and Limitations of an American Conservatism' (1994), included in this bibliography. In ''The Southern Tradition,'' Genovese examines the Southern agrarians who he came to admire. Per Wikipedia on August 1, 2017, "The Southern Agrarians, [Genovese] noted, also posed a challenge to modern American conservatives who have a mistaken belief in market capitalism's compatibility with traditional social values and family structures. Genovese agreed with the Agrarians in concluding that capitalism destroyed those institutions."
Hofstader (1964) is a classic examination of fringe groups and conspiracy theories that uses the example of 19th century groups opposed to changes in monetary policy. Hofstadter was inspired by Goldwater's selection as the Republican presidential candidate in 1964.
Himmelstein (1992) and Schoenwald (2001) are both political histories of mid to late 20th-century American conservatism. Farmer (2005) takes this back to the Puritans. Farber (2010) prematurely(?) sees American conservatism as in decline. Lowndes (2008) argues that modern American conservatism grow out of an alliance between northern conservatives and southern segregationists.
Nash (2017) is a Heritage Foundation report about the future of American conservatism. I may move this piece to be with Brooks on the free enterprise page. The author argues that conservatives need to communicate in language that connects with ordinary Americans.
McGirr (2015) and Nickerson (2009) are a social histories of mid 20th-century conservatism in southern California. Williamson, Skopal, and Coggin (2011) is a sociological study of the emergence of the tea Party with participant observer research in Massachusetts.
James W. Fitfield, Jr. was a mid century Congregationalist minister who "set about convincing America’s Protestant clergy that America was a Christian nation in which government must be kept from interfering with the expression of God’s will in market economics" Stewart (2017). Fitfield's legacy is central to Kevin M. Kruse's "One Nation under God: How Corporate America Invented Christian America" (2015). Kruse, a historian of the American South at Princeton University, argues that the idea of the United States as a christian nation grew out of opposition to the New Deal 'when Corporate leaders allied with conservative clergyman [like Fitfield] to promote 'Christian libertarianism' (Kerstetter 2016). Kruse has previously written a prizewinning history of desegregation in Atlanta.
One Nation under God has been positively reviewed, although reviewers are not convinced that corporations played a significant role in promoting Christian libertarianism. The positive reviews included here include Hart (2015), written by a professor at Hillsdale College, published in the Wall Street Journal.
Toy (1970) is a history of Fitfield's spiritual mobilization movement. Harvey (1971) discusses the tensions between Fitfield's congregation and its parent denomination. Haddington (2010) and Harvey (1970) in this subsection are from publications Rice does not subscribe to.
==History of American Conservatism==
issn = {1080-6628},
shorttitle = {Reflections},
url = {https://muse.jhu.edu/article/382920},
doi = {10.1353/rah.0.0217},
abstract = {In 1994, the Columbia historian Alan Brinkley stimulated an intense debate within the
volume = {99},
issn = {0002-8762},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2167281},
doi = {10.2307/2167281},
abstract = {IT WILL NOT, I SUSPECT, BE A VERY CONTROVERSIAL CLAIM to say that twentieth-
volume = {9},
issn = {1541-0986, 1537-5927},
url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/tea-party-and-the-remaking-of-republican-conservatism/BDF68005B52758A48F7EC07086C3788C},
doi = {10.1017/S153759271000407X},
abstract = {In the aftermath of a potentially demoralizing 2008 electoral defeat, when the Republican Party seemed widely discredited, the emergence of the Tea Party provided conservative activists with a new identity funded by Republican business elites and reinforced by a network of conservative media sources. Untethered from recent GOP baggage and policy specifics, the Tea Party energized disgruntled white middle-class conservatives and garnered widespread attention, despite stagnant or declining favorability ratings among the general public. As participant observation and interviews with Massachusetts activists reveal, Tea Partiers are not monolithically hostile toward government; they distinguish between programs perceived as going to hard-working contributors to US society like themselves and “handouts” perceived as going to unworthy or freeloading people. During 2010, Tea Party activism reshaped many GOP primaries and enhanced voter turnout, but achieved a mixed record in the November general election. Activism may well continue to influence dynamics in Congress and GOP presidential primaries. Even if the Tea Party eventually subsides, it has undercut Obama's presidency, revitalized conservatism, and pulled the national Republican Party toward the far right.},
title = {Reappraising the {Right}: {The} {Past} and {Future} of {American} {Conservatism}},
shorttitle = {Reappraising the {Right}},
url = {/political-process/report/reappraising-the-right-the-past-and-future-american-conservatism},
abstract = {Abstract: What do conservatives want? To be free, to live virtuous and productive lives, to be secure from threats beyond and within our borders, and to live in a society that sustains and encourages these aspirations: freedom, virtue, safety--goals reflected in the libertarian, traditionalist, and national security dimensions of the conservative movement and coalition. But to achieve these perennial goals, conservatives must communicate in language that connects with the great majority of the American people in all stations of life.},
urldate = {2017-07-20},
issn = {0002-8762},
shorttitle = {The {Grass}-{Roots} {Right}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2164542},
doi = {10.2307/2164542},
abstract = {HISTORIANS, LIKE MOST PEOPLE, ARE RELUCTANT TO SYMPATHIZE with people
}
'''Nickerson, Michelle. 2009. “Politically Desperate Housewives: Women and Conservatism in Postwar Los Angeles.” California History 86 (3): 4–67. doi:10.2307/40495217.'''
@article{nickerson_politically_2009,
title = {Politically {Desperate} {Housewives}: {Women} and {Conservatism} in {Postwar} {Los} {Angeles}},
volume = {86},
issn = {0162-2897},
shorttitle = {Politically {Desperate} {Housewives}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/40495217 },
doi = {10.2307/40495217},
number = {3},
urldate = {2017-07-31},
journal = {California History},
author = {Nickerson, Michelle},
year = {2009},
pages = {4--67}
}
==James W. Fitfield, Jr.==
file = {Snapshot:files/173/donald-trump-school-choice-criticism.html:text/html}
}
'''Toy, Eckard V. 1970. “Spiritual Mobilization: The Failure of an Ultraconservative Ideal in the 1950’ S.” The Pacific Northwest Quarterly 61 (2): 77–86.
}
'''NickersonKruse, MichelleKevin. 20092016. “Politically Desperate HousewivesOne Nation Under God: Women and Conservatism in Postwar Los AngelesHow Corporate America Invented Christian America.” California History 86 (3): 4–67. doi:10.2307/40495217Basic Books.'''
@articlebook{nickerson_politically_2009kruse_one_2016, title = {Politically One {DesperateNation} {HousewivesUnder} {God}: {WomenHow} and {ConservatismCorporate} in {PostwarAmerica} {LosInvented} {AngelesChristian}{America}, volume = {86}, issn isbn = {0162978-28970-465-09741-8}, shorttitle = {Politically One {Nation} {DesperateUnder} {HousewivesGod}}, url abstract = {http://wwwWe're often told that the United States is, was, and always has been a Christian nation. But in One Nation Under God, historian Kevin M. Kruse reveals that the belief that America is fundamentally and formally Christian originated in the 1930s.To fight the “slavery” of FDR's New Deal, businessmen enlisted religious activists in a campaign for “freedom under God” that culminated in the election of their ally Dwight Eisenhower in 1952. The new president revolutionized the role of religion in American politics. He inaugurated new traditions like the National Prayer Breakfast, as Congress added the phrase “under God” to the Pledge of Allegiance and made “In God We Trust” the country's first official motto. Church membership soon soared to an all-time high of 69 percent. Americans across the religious and political spectrum agreed that their country was “one nation under God.jstor”Provocative and authoritative, One Nation Under God reveals how an unholy alliance of money, religion, and politics created a false origin story that continues to define and divide American politics to this day.org/stable/40495217 }, doi language = {10.2307/40495217en}, number publisher = {3Basic Books}, urldate author = {2017-07-31Kruse, Kevin}, journal month = {California History}may, author year = {Nickerson, Michelle2016}, year note = {2009Google-Books-ID: rQbTDQAAQBAJ}, pages keywords = {4--67History / United States / 20th Century, Political Science / Political Ideologies / Conservatism \& Liberalism, Religion / Religion, Politics \& State}
}
==Book reviews of Kevin M. Kruse's One Nation under Under God& Interview with Kruse==
'''Ferré, John P. 2016. “One Nation under God: How Corporate America Invented Christian America.” Journalism History 41 (4): 233.'''
}
'''Kazin, Michael. 2015. “‘One Nation Under God,’ by Kevin M. Kruse.” The New York Times, May 15, sec. Sunday Book Review. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/books/review/one-nation-under-god-by-kevin-m-kruse.html.'''
@article{kazin_one_2015,
chapter = {Sunday Book Review},
title = {‘{One} {Nation} {Under} {God},’ by {Kevin} {M}. {Kruse}},
issn = {0362-4331},
url = {https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/books/review/one-nation-under-god-by-kevin-m-kruse.html },
abstract = {A historian considers how and why Americans make such a conspicuous display of their faith.},
language = {en-US},
urldate = {2017-08-03},
journal = {The New York Times},
author = {Kazin, Michael},
month = may,
year = {2015},
keywords = {Books and Literature, Kruse, Kevin M (1972- ), One Nation Under God (Book), Religion and Belief},
file = {Snapshot:files/207/one-nation-under-god-by-kevin-m-kruse.html:text/html}
}
'''Hart, D. G. 2015. “The World Ike Wrought.” Wall Street Journal, June 9, sec. Arts. http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-world-ike-wrought-1433891576.'''
@article{hart_world_2015,
chapter = {Arts},
title = {The {World} {Ike} {Wrought}},
issn = {0099-9660},
url = {http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-world-ike-wrought-1433891576 },
abstract = {D.G. Hart reviews “One Nation Under God: How Corporate America Invented Christian America” by Kevin M. Kruse.},
language = {en-US},
urldate = {2017-08-03},
journal = {Wall Street Journal},
author = {Hart, D. G.},
month = jun,
year = {2015},
keywords = {arts, book reviews, books, community, entertainment, general news, political, religion, reviews, society},
file = {Snapshot:files/209/the-world-ike-wrought-1433891576.html:text/html}
}
'''“How ‘One Nation’ Didn’t Become ‘Under God’ Until The ’50s Religious Revival.” 2017. NPR.org. Accessed August 3. http://www.npr.org/2015/03/30/396365659/how-one-nation-didnt-become-under-god-until-the-50s-religious-revival.'''
@misc{noauthor_how_nodate,
title = {How '{One} {Nation}' {Didn}'t {Become} '{Under} {God}' {Until} {The} '50s {Religious} {Revival}},
url = {http://www.npr.org/2015/03/30/396365659/how-one-nation-didnt-become-under-god-until-the-50s-religious-revival },
abstract = {Kevin Kruse's book looks at how industrialists in the '30s and '40s recruited clergy to preach free enterprise. And under the Eisenhower administration, Christianity and capitalism moved center stage.},
urldate = {2017-08-03},
journal = {NPR.org},
file = {Snapshot:files/211/how-one-nation-didnt-become-under-god-until-the-50s-religious-revival.html:text/html }
}
year = {2016},
pages = {738--739},
file = {Full Text PDF:files/193/Kerstetter - 2016 - italicOne Nation Under God How Corporate Americ.pdf:application/pdf}
}
