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==Agencies Conducting Basic Research==
Historical Trends in Federal R & D [https://www.aaas.org/page/historical-trends-federal-rd]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Agency !! R&D Budget in Millions
|-
| DOD || 67,194
|-
| NASA || 11,594
|-
| DOE || 14,612
|-
| HHS || 30,655
|-
| NIH* || 29,205
|-
| NSF || 6,085
|-
| USDA || 2,493
|-
| Interior || 878
|-
| DOT || 901
|-
| EPA || 529
|-
| DOC || 1,551
|-
| DHS || 934
|-
| VA || 1,197
|-
| Other || 1,515
|}
==Patent Brokers==
List of Brokers [http://www.richardsonoliver.com/brokers/]
Market of Ideas Research Notes (view source)
Revision as of 13:39, 21 September 2020
, 13:39, 21 September 2020no edit summary
{{Project|Has project output=Content|Has sponsor=McNair Center|Has title=Market of Ideas Research Notes|Has owner=Avesh Krishna,|Has project status=Tabled}}[[FileImage:PatentCartoon.jpg | uprightthumb | 550px]]==Outline==The Next Engine of U.S. GPD Growth: The Market for Ideas:Outline[[Image:PatentGrantsApplicationsLitigation.png | thumb | 550px]] #Intro#US GDP & Growth rate#Startup World vs Patent World##In the world of startups accelerators, incubators, VC firms, unicorns, and ecosystems are all recognized terms and types of organizations. Lesser known though in the world of Intellectual Property which has it’s own players like trolls, brokers, aggregators, pools, etc etc#Patent Application and Renewals##number of patents granted/applied##number renenwed##renewal rates#Value of a Patent##Cost of prosecuting a patent application 20,000 to 50,000##Patent value accounts for ¾ of the sale price of high tech products##Average value in millions: .5, 1, 1.8, 3.8, 18 per patent##Extreme skewness##Mean value 577,000 in griliches, median was 25,000#Patent Licensing##University Licensing###How much universities make###number of licenses###number of patents issued##Corporate Licensing###How much corporations make#Patent Brokers##Biggest Brokers##Define##Who they represent, who uses them#Patent Trolls (NPEs)##Who are they: buy up patents and exert them in bad faith##Approximate numbers##Litigation#Patent Litigation##Lawsuits per year##America Invents Act##IPR#USPTO##Budget##Funding##Has to petition to keep revenue, sec 22 of AIA lets these revenues be diverted to a reserve fund for use during Government shutdown##Time spent on each patent##Between 1/3 and ½ of litigated patents are found to be invalid##Funding the USPTO will lead to better patents#Federal Agencies doing Basic Research##Budgets###[[#Agencies Conducting Basic Research|Research Budgets]]##What they do##number of Patents#Who else does Research (corporate & academic)#Economic Value from Trading in Patents##Estimating the Gains from Trade in the Market for Innovation: Evidence from the Transfer of Patents,” NBER Working Paper 17304 (Aug. 2011) ==Patent Players=====Patent Broker=== ===Non Practicing Entity (Troll)=== ===Patent Pool=== ===Patent Aggregator=== ====Defensive Patent Aggregator==== Purchases patents for defensive purposes, thereby keeping patents from being purchased from entities that will assert them against companies utilizing the technologies. Members of the aggregator pay a licensing fee so those patents cannot be asserted against them. Major Defensive Aggregators: *RPX *Unified Patents *Allied Security Trust ===Innovator=== ===Implementer===
== Patent Applications & Renewals ==
In 2015 there were 629,647 patent applications. Assuming history is anything to go by, around 80% will be eventually granted. Patents are valid for 20 years from application, providing renewal fees are paid at 3½, 7½, and 11½ years. Scotchmer (1999) reports that half of all patents are not renewed past 10 years. It currently takes the patent office more than 2 years, down from more than 3 years before the America Invents Act, to process a patent application. Applicants can request that undue processing time be added back to their patent terms. There are other factors, like terminal disclaimers and being found invalid or unenforceable by courts, which affect patent terms. A conservative estimate of mean patent term is 10 years from application. We will therefore use the 2.5m patents granted from 2006 to 2015 as a proxy for the number of active patents.
Griliches, Z. (1998). Patent statistics as economic indicators: a survey.
==USPTO==
===Patent Quality===
Michael D. Frakes & Mellissa F. Wasserman, Is the Time Allocated to Review Patent Applications Inducing Examiners to Grant Invalid Patents?: Evidence from Micro-Level Application, NBER Working Paper No. 20337 (July 2014) [http://www.nber.org/papers/w20337]
*"on average, an examiner spends only nineteen hours reviewing an application, including reading the patent application, searching for prior art, comparing the prior art with the patent application, writing a rejection, responding to the patent applicant’s arguments, and often conducting an interview with the applicant’s attorney"
==Agencies Conducting Basic Research==
Historical Trends in Federal R & D [https://www.aaas.org/page/historical-trends-federal-rd]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Agency !! R&D Budget in Millions
|-
| DOD || 67,194
|-
| NASA || 11,594
|-
| DOE || 14,612
|-
| HHS || 30,655
|-
| NIH || 29,205
|-
| NSF || 6,085
|-
| USDA || 2,493
|-
| Interior || 878
|-
| DOT || 901
|-
| EPA || 529
|-
| DOC || 1,551
|-
| DHS || 934
|-
| VA || 1,197
|-
| Other || 1,515
|}
===Patents to US Government from 1991 to 2015===
From [https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/reports.htm General Patent Statistics Reports]
*of the 2420865 granted patents of US origin, 24382 went to the US government and 2062320 to US corporations
==Patent Brokers==
List of Brokers [http://www.richardsonoliver.com/brokers/]
== Patent Litigation ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|Referred to Committee on Apr 20, 2015
|}
==Deliverable Ideas=====Patent Quality===[[Category:InternalMethods of Assessing Patent Quality]]
