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{{Article
|Has page=Merges (1999) - Institutions For Intellectual Property Transactions
|Has bibtex key=
|Has article title=Institutions For Intellectual Property Transactions
|Has author=Merges
|Has year=1999
|In journal=
|In volume=
|In number=
|Has pages=
|Has publisher=
}}
*This page is referenced in the [[Patent Thicket Literature Review]]
*This page is listed on the [[PTLR Core Papers]] page
:''"Businesspeople must bundle numerous rights to make good use of the resource. If various impediments to bargaining are present, this may prove difficult; as a result, the resource may be underutilized."''
===Legal Discussion===The paper reviews literature on the history and effectiveness of patent pools including recent patent pools such as MPEG-2 and DVD, mostly focused on U.S. experience, but also considers European policies.
:''"This comes down to a question of whether the transactional benefits of pooling outweigh the potential social costs. These costs, which would follow from the anticompetitive potential that follows from pooling, would likely take the form of restricted entry in the relevant industry, and ultimately higher consumer prices."''

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