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{{Project|Has project output=Content|Has sponsor=McNair ProjectsCenter

==About==Below is a list of citations I have gathered looking up papers related to the research on Urban Start-up Agglomeration. They are organized into the three categories (1) about startups (2) about agglomeration in economics in general (3) use GIS data .The academic papers can be found in E drive -> McNair -> Projects -> Agglomeration -> Literature Review.

Chapter 49 - Evidence on the Nature and Sources of Agglomeration Economies by Stuart S. Rosenthal benefits and William C. Strange. Cited location choice by 2427Keith Head. @incollectionarticle{rosenthal_chapter_2004head_agglomeration_1995, series title = {Cities Agglomeration benefits and location choice: {GeographyEvidence}}, title = from {Chapter 49 - {EvidenceJapanese} on manufacturing investments in the {NatureUnited} and {SourcesStates} of }, volume = {Agglomeration38} , issn = {Economies}0022-1996}, volume shorttitle = {4Agglomeration benefits and location choice}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574008004800063002219969401351R}, doi = {10.1016/0022-1996(94)01351-R}, abstract = {This paper considers Recent theories of economic geography suggest that firms in the empirical literature on same industry may be drawn to the nature and sources of urban increasing returns, also known as agglomeration economies. An important aspect of these same locations because proximity generates positive externalities that has not been previously emphasized is that the effects of agglomeration extend over at least three different dimensionsor ‘agglomeration effects’. These are the industrial, geographicUnder this view, chance events and temporal scope government inducements can have a lasting influence on the geographical pattern of economic agglomeration economies. In each case, the literature suggests that agglomeration economies attenuate with distancemanufacturing. RecentlyHowever, the literature has also begun to provide most evidence on the microfoundations causes and magnitude of external economies of scale. The best known of these sources are those attributed to Marshall (1920): labor market poolingindustry localization has been based on stories, input sharing, and knowledge spilloversrather than statistics. Evidence to date supports This paper examines the presence location choices of all three of these forces751 Japanese manufacturing plants built in the United States since 1980. In addition, there is also evidence Conditional logit estimates support the hypothesis that natural advantage, home market effects, consumption opportunities, and rentindustry-seeking all contribute to level agglomerationbenefits play an important role in location decisions.}, number = {3}, urldate = {2017-1011-2806}, booktitle journal = {Handbook Journal of International Economics}, author = {Head, Keith and Ries, John and Swenson, Deborah}, month = may, year = {1995}, keywords = {RegionalAgglomeration, Foreign direct investment} and , pages = {Urban223--247}  The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship by Zoltan Acs. Cited by 1037 @article{acs_knowledge_2009, title = {EconomicsThe knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship}, volume = {32}, publisher issn = {Elsevier0921-898X, 1573-0913}, author url = {Rosenthalhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11187-008-9157-3}, Stuart S doi = {10. 1007/s11187-008-9157-3}, abstract = {Contemporary theories of entrepreneurship generally focus on the recognition of opportunities and Strangethe decision to exploit them. Although the entrepreneurship literature treats opportunities as exogenous, William Cthe prevailing theory of economic growth suggests they are endogenous.This paper advances the microeconomic foundations of endogenous growth theory by developing a knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. Knowledge created endogenously results in knowledge spillovers, which allow entrepreneurs to identify and exploit opportunities.}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-11-10}, editor journal = {HendersonSmall Business Economics}, author = {Acs, Zoltan J. Vernon and ThisseBraunerhjelm, Jacques-FrançoisPontus and Audretsch, David B. and Carlsson, Bo},

note pages = {597--620} Regional Advantage by AnnaLee Saxenian. Cited by 11567 @misc{noauthor_regional_nodate, title = {Regional {Advantage} — {AnnaLee} {Saxenian} {\textbar} {Harvard} {University} {Press}}, url = {DOIhttp: 10//www.hup.harvard.1016edu/S1574-0080(04)80006-3catalog.php?isbn=9780674753402}, keywords abstract = {agglomeration economiesWhy is it that business in California's Silicon Valley flourished while along Route 128 in Massachusetts declined in the 90s? The answer, Saxenian suggests, external economieshas to do with the fact that despite similar histories and technologies, microfoundationsSilicon Valley developed a decentralized but cooperative industrial system while Route 128 came to be dominated by independent, productivityself-sufficient corporations. The result of more than one hundred interviews, urban growththis compelling analysis highlights the importance of local sources of competitive advantage in a volatile world economy.}, pages urldate = {21192017-11-217110}

Firm Births, Access to Transit, and Agglomeration Where is Creativity in Portland, Oregon, the City? Integrating Qualitative and Dallas GIS Methods by Daniel G. ChatmanChris Brennan-Horley and Chris Gibson @article{chatman_firm_2016brennan-horley_where_2009, title = {Firm Where is {BirthsCreativity}, in the {Access} to {TransitCity}, and ? {AgglomerationIntegrating} in {PortlandQualitative}, {Oregon}, and {DallasGIS}, {TexasMethods}}, volume = {259841}, issn = {03610308-1981518X}, shorttitle = {Where is {Creativity} in the {City}?}, url = {httphttps://trrjournalonline.trbdoi.org/doi/abs/10.31411068/2598-01a41406}, doi = {10.31411068/2598-01a41406}, abstract = {The formation of This paper discusses a new firms is one process by which economies grow and innovate. Public transportation services may facilitate the birth blend of new firms by both providing better access and causing local densification that leads to agglomeration economies. In this study firm births are investigated to determine how they are related methods developed to newly provided light rail transit service in two metropolitan areas in answer the United States. A geocoded time-series database question of firm establishments where creativity is in Dallas, Texas, and Portland, Oregon, from 1991 through 2008 is usedthe city. The data set allows the study Experimentation with new methods was required because of spatial patterns by industry and the analysis empirical shortcomings with existing creative city research techniques; but also to respond to increasingly important questions of where nascent economic activities occur outside the relationship of firm births to rail station proximity, accessibilityformal sector, and local agglomeration while controlling for a number governmental spheres of potentially confounding factors. Positive, large, planning and statistically significant relationships are found in Portland between rail station proximity and firm birthseconomic development policy. The rail proximity results in Dallas are also generally positiveIn response we discuss here how qualitative methods can be used to address such concerns, though not as large; this finding is consistent based on experiences from an empirical project charged with the smaller accessibility value task of rail documenting creative activity in Dallas, as well as policies encouraging commercial development near rail Darwin—a small city in PortlandAustralia's tropical north. Rail proximity increases firm births across almost all industrial sectors in both of these metropolitan areas when controlling for Diverse creative practitioners were interviewed about their interactions with the negative effects on firm births of local owncity—and hard-industry employmentcopy maps were used as anchoring devices around spatially orientated interview questions. Local blockResults from this interview-level agglomeration mapping process were accumulated and generalized accessibility are also highly significant but appear to work independently of rail accessanalysed in a geographical information system (GIS). These results imply that passenger rail service increases firm births near rail stations Digital maps produced by expanding access to the labor market but not by increasing information spillovers or increasing face-to-face interactions.}, urldate = {2017-10-31}, journal = {Transportation Research Record: Journal this method revealed patterns of the Transportation Research Board}, author = {Chatman, Daniel G. concentration and Nolandimagined ‘epicentres’ of creativity in Darwin, Robert B. and Klein, Nicholas J.}, month = jan, year = {2016}, pages = {1--10} Path-Dependent Startup Hubs - Comparing Metropolitan Performance: High-Tech showed how types of sites and ICT Startup Density by Dane Stangler @techreport{stangler_path-dependent_2013, address = {Rochester, NY}, title = {Path-{Dependent} {Startup} {Hubs} - {Comparing} {Metropolitan} {Performance}: {High}-{Tech} and {ICT} {Startup} {Density}}, shorttitle = {Path-{Dependent} {Startup} {Hubs} - {Comparing} {Metropolitan} {Performance}}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2321145}, abstract = {Kansas City and other areas viewed spaces of the city are imagined as "new" startup hubs actually have been fostering a culture of entrepreneurship for some time‘creative’ in different ways. Many Qualitative mapping of these cities have a history creativity enabled the teasing out of strong technology sectors or experienced strong growth among technology startups over the past two decades. A strong regional or local culture contradictory and divergent stories of technology entrepreneurship is not a recent phenomenon, contrary to the opinions location of many. The top 10 cities creativity in 2010 also ranked among the top 20 cities two decades earlierurban landscape.This analysis shows that many cities' recent adoption of new entrepreneurship programs is more an indication of the underlying strength of the region and its base of talent on The opportunities which those programs can build than it is a cause of startup activity. Cities such as Kansas City, Seattle, Portland and Boise all owe their emerging entrepreneurial ecosystems to many years of spinoffs and entrepreneurial spawning.Research universities and other postsecondary institutions are important methods present for metropolitan entrepreneurship, but are not the sole cause researchers interested in spurring such activity. Instead, the most fertile source of entrepreneurial spawning is the population of existing companies, which has implications for economic policymaking and how economic development strategies.Entrepreneurs come from somewhere - this seems obvious, but that observation runs against the prevailing stereotype that entrepreneurs activities are‘lived’ by workers, or should besituated in social networks, recent college grads or college dropouts. That 'somewhere' usually is a previous job and reproduced in a big company or at an institutioneveryday, such as a universitymaterial, which helps explain spaces of the age distribution of entrepreneurs.However, regions should be careful in turning these observations into policy. While spinoffs city are important for tech startup growth, such a strategy could be wrongly interpreted as supporting traditional economic development strategies of tax incentives for big companiesdescribed. More work must be done to understand the local and regional dynamics of entrepreneurship}, barriers that may exist to catalyzing a self-fulfilling dynamic of entrepreneurial spinoffs and what the proper role of supporting institutions should be. language = {en}, number = {ID 232114511}, urldate = {2017-1011-2407}, institution journal = {Social Science Research NetworkEnvironment and Planning A}, author = {StanglerBrennan-Horley, DaneChris and Gibson, Chris}, month = sepnov, year = {20132009}, keywords pages = {entrepreneur, local entrepreneurship, regional entrepreneurship, startup hub2595--2614}