Difference between revisions of "Business Dynamism in High Tech (Blog Post)"

From edegan.com
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(54 intermediate revisions by 10 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[Category:Internal]]
+
{{BlogPost
==Article==
+
|Has title=Business Dynamism in High Tech (Blog Post)
===Introduction===
+
|Has author=Carlin Cherry and Dylan Dickens
The American perception of entrepreneurship and innovation is an overwhelmingly positive one; Americans believe not only that there are good opportunities for starting a business, but also that they have the capabilities to start one themselves. [http://www.forbes.com/sites/elainepofeldt/2013/05/27/u-s-entrepreneurship-hits-record-high/#7144d97d73aa] The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor U.S. Report found that 43% of Americans believe there are good opportunities for entrepreneurship, and that 56% of American adults believe they have the capability to start a business. [http://www.babson.edu/news-events/babson-news/PublishingImages/babson-gem-info-graphic-692.png]  But recent trends in business birth and death rates tell a more sinister story. Many studies report sustained declines in entrepreneurship and business dynamism across the U.S. economy. [http://www.kauffman.org/~/media/kauffman_org/research%20reports%20and%20covers/2014/02/declining_business_dynamism_in_us_high_tech_sector.pdf%20Kauffman] Though many Americans view the high-tech sector as the pinnacle of entrepreneurship and innovation [http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2014/05/06/snowden-effect-americans-still-like-tech-industry-but-not-telecom/],  the Kauffman Foundation found the declines in business dynamism that occurred broadly across the U.S. economy over the past two decades also occurred in the high-tech sector in the post-2000 period (high-tech sector being defined as the group of industries with very high shares of workers in the STEM occupations of science, technology, engineering, and math). [http://www.kauffman.org/~/media/kauffman_org/research%20reports%20and%20covers/2014/02/declining_business_dynamism_in_us_high_tech_sector.pdf%20Kauffman] This article aims to ask what happened in the American economy to cause the decline of business dynamism in high technology sectors, and the impacts of this slowdown on economic growth.
+
|Has content status=Tabled
 +
|Has processing notes=Anne sent Dylan comments 11/1/16; After revising, Dylan to send to peer reviewer before returning to Anne.
 +
}}
 +
==Abstract==
 +
This blog post identifies a potential cause behind the decline of business dynamism in high technology sectors.
  
===Cause of decline===
+
==Blog Post==
  
During the period of aggregate productivity and job growth in the 1990s, the high tech sector and newly listed public companies exhibited increases in indicators in dynamism and entrepreneurship. However, since 2000, the high tech sector and publicly traded firms have exhibited a decline in dynamism. The number of IPOs has fallen in the post-2000 period and those that have entered have not exhibited the same rapid growth as earlier cohorts. [http://econweb.umd.edu/~haltiwan/Haltiwanger_Kauffman_Conference_August_1_2015.pdf]
+
The American perception of entrepreneurship and innovation is an overwhelmingly positive one; Americans believe not only that there are good opportunities for starting a business, but also, as according to Forbes, that they have the [http://www.forbes.com/sites/elainepofeldt/2013/05/27/u-s-entrepreneurship-hits-record-high/#7144d97d73aa capabilities] to start one themselves. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor U.S. [http://www.babson.edu/news-events/babson-news/PublishingImages/babson-gem-info-graphic-692.png report] found that 43% of Americans believe there are good opportunities for entrepreneurship, and that 56% of American adults believe they have the capability to start a business. Recent trends in business birth and death rates however tell a more sinister story.
  
Why the decline? The primary challenge start-ups in general face is access to capital. Only 29 percent of small business owners said they’ve applied for a business loan over the last two years. Millennials report turning to friends and family for loans, rather than taking out a traditional loan from a bank. [http://newsroom.bankofamerica.com/sites/bankofamerica.newshq.businesswire.com/files/press_kit/additional/Fall_2014_Bank_of_America_Small_Business_Owner_Report.pdf] Millennials also have less access to personal capital in that they take on significant student debt when they go to college. A [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2417676 study] from Penn State University found "a significant and economically meaningful negative correlation between changes in student debt and net new businesses employing one to four employees, the firms most dependent on personal debt for financing." Personal debt and lack of access to capital are particularly problematic in the high tech sector, where millennials compose a majority of the workforce and are more comfortable making advances in technology older members of the workforce do not. [https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/managing-tomorrows-people/future-of-work/assets/reshaping-the-workplace.pdf]
+
A [http://www.kauffman.org/~/media/kauffman_org/research%20reports%20and%20covers/2014/02/declining_business_dynamism_in_us_high_tech_sector.pdf%20Kauffman study] from the Kauffman Foundation reported sustained declines in entrepreneurship and business dynamism across the U.S. economy. Though the Wall Street Journal and many Americans [http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2014/05/06/snowden-effect-americans-still-like-tech-industry-but-not-telecom/ still view] the high-tech sector as the pinnacle of entrepreneurship and innovation,  the Kauffman Foundation [http://www.kauffman.org/~/media/kauffman_org/research%20reports%20and%20covers/2014/02/declining_business_dynamism_in_us_high_tech_sector.pdf%20Kauffman found] the decline in business dynamism that occurred broadly across the U.S. economy over the past two decades also dragged on the high-tech sector in the post-2000 period. The high-tech sector, or the group of industries with very high shares of workers in the STEM occupations of science, technology, engineering, and math has been found to be in decline, which begs the question: what happened in the American economy to cause the decline of business dynamism in high technology sectors?
  
The overwhelmingly large presence of millennials has contributed to the decline in business dynamism particularly in high-tech sectors because these members do not have the means or desire to finance a small business given that they are often saddled with debt from college.
+
During the period of aggregate productivity and job growth in the 1990's, the high tech sector and newly listed public companies exhibited increases in indicators in dynamism and entrepreneurship. However, since 2000, the National Bureau of Economic Research has [http://econweb.umd.edu/~haltiwan/Haltiwanger_Kauffman_Conference_August_1_2015.pdf observed] the high tech sector and publicly traded firms exhibiting a decline in dynamism.  The number of IPOs has fallen in the post-2000 period and those that have entered have not exhibited the same rapid growth as earlier cohorts.  
  
===Impacts===
+
Why the decline? The primary challenge start-ups in general face is access to capital. According to [http://newsroom.bankofamerica.com/sites/bankofamerica.newshq.businesswire.com/files/press_kit/additional/Fall_2014_Bank_of_America_Small_Business_Owner_Report.pdf Bank of America], only 29 percent of small business owners said they’ve applied for a business loan over the last two years. Millennials report turning to friends and family for loans, rather than taking out a traditional loan from a bank.  Millennials also have less access to personal capital in that they often take on significant student debt when attending college. A [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2417676 study] from Penn State University found "a significant and economically meaningful negative correlation between changes in student debt and net new businesses employing one to four employees, the firms most dependent on personal debt for financing." Personal debt and lack of access to capital are particularly problematic in the high tech sector where millennials compose a majority of the workforce and are more comfortable making advances in technology, as [https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/managing-tomorrows-people/future-of-work/assets/reshaping-the-workplace.pdf noted] by PricewaterhouseCoopers.
  
While student debt is used to fund increases in human capital (education), the utilization of student debt reduces an individual's ability to access other forms of credit. As a result, the study's findings suggest a debt trade-off in which larger amounts of student debt lower an individual's ability to start a new business. Penn State's study found that an increase of one standard deviation in student debt uses results in a decrease of 70 new small businesses per county, a decline of approximately 14.4%.[http://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=250070119116011113124099103112018099029051017051045044067089002120116105111114122091055102119102108111124001067027106101088127010005061051067105078103112127022029065052114071094113003125125064112116102099068082028078069030125114010072077114106025&EXT=pdf]
+
The overwhelmingly large presence of millennial entrepreneurs in the high-tech sector combined with the overwhelmingly large burden of college debt in millennial's lives may be causing the "one-two knockout punch" which has contributed to the decline in business dynamism. While student debt is used to fund increases in human capital, the utilization of student debt reduces an individual's ability to access other forms of credit. As a result, the Penn State study's findings may suggest a debt trade-off in which larger amounts of student debt lower an individual's ability to start a new business. The study further found that an increase of one standard deviation in student debt use results in a decrease of 70 new small businesses per county, a decline of approximately 14.4%.
  
===Conclusion===
+
Millennials and recent college graduates comprise a large majority of those with interest in the high technology workforce. Because their access to capital appears to be limited both institutionally and due to high levels of student debt, many of these workforce participants may be either unable or unwilling to take on more debt to start their own businesses. This is perhaps the cause of the decline in business dynamism in the high technology sector.  If this connection proves true, a decrease of 70 small businesses per increase in standard deviation in student debt could be expected. Perhaps increasing access to capital through easily attainable bank loans or implementing policies aimed towards lowering student debt could help to reverse the trend.
Millennials and recent college graduates comprise a large majority of those with interest in the high technology workforce. Because their access to capital is limited both institutionally and due to high levels of student debt, many of these workforce participants are either unable or unwilling to take on more debt to start their own businesses. This has resulted in a decline in business dynamism in high technology fields to the tune of a decrease of 70 small businesses per increase in standard deviation in student debt. It seems as though increasing access to capital through easily accessible bank loans or implementing policy aimed towards lowering student debt would help to reverse the trend.
+
 
 +
==References==
 +
In line. See above.
 +
Original text by Carlin Cherry? Edited and formatted by Dylan Dickens
 +
 
 +
==Link==
 +
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cHWPSHRkYKfGPwtPlgBKLn70Xt7BPfv3sEi-yfMemBY/edit

Latest revision as of 11:47, 15 November 2017


Blogpost.png
Blog Post
Title Business Dynamism in High Tech (Blog Post)
Author Carlin Cherry and Dylan Dickens
Series
Content status Tabled
Publication date
Notes Anne sent Dylan comments 11/1/16; After revising, Dylan to send to peer reviewer before returning to Anne.
Image
© edegan.com, 2016

Abstract

This blog post identifies a potential cause behind the decline of business dynamism in high technology sectors.

Blog Post

The American perception of entrepreneurship and innovation is an overwhelmingly positive one; Americans believe not only that there are good opportunities for starting a business, but also, as according to Forbes, that they have the capabilities to start one themselves. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor U.S. report found that 43% of Americans believe there are good opportunities for entrepreneurship, and that 56% of American adults believe they have the capability to start a business. Recent trends in business birth and death rates however tell a more sinister story.

A study from the Kauffman Foundation reported sustained declines in entrepreneurship and business dynamism across the U.S. economy. Though the Wall Street Journal and many Americans still view the high-tech sector as the pinnacle of entrepreneurship and innovation, the Kauffman Foundation found the decline in business dynamism that occurred broadly across the U.S. economy over the past two decades also dragged on the high-tech sector in the post-2000 period. The high-tech sector, or the group of industries with very high shares of workers in the STEM occupations of science, technology, engineering, and math has been found to be in decline, which begs the question: what happened in the American economy to cause the decline of business dynamism in high technology sectors?

During the period of aggregate productivity and job growth in the 1990's, the high tech sector and newly listed public companies exhibited increases in indicators in dynamism and entrepreneurship. However, since 2000, the National Bureau of Economic Research has observed the high tech sector and publicly traded firms exhibiting a decline in dynamism. The number of IPOs has fallen in the post-2000 period and those that have entered have not exhibited the same rapid growth as earlier cohorts.

Why the decline? The primary challenge start-ups in general face is access to capital. According to Bank of America, only 29 percent of small business owners said they’ve applied for a business loan over the last two years. Millennials report turning to friends and family for loans, rather than taking out a traditional loan from a bank. Millennials also have less access to personal capital in that they often take on significant student debt when attending college. A study from Penn State University found "a significant and economically meaningful negative correlation between changes in student debt and net new businesses employing one to four employees, the firms most dependent on personal debt for financing." Personal debt and lack of access to capital are particularly problematic in the high tech sector where millennials compose a majority of the workforce and are more comfortable making advances in technology, as noted by PricewaterhouseCoopers.

The overwhelmingly large presence of millennial entrepreneurs in the high-tech sector combined with the overwhelmingly large burden of college debt in millennial's lives may be causing the "one-two knockout punch" which has contributed to the decline in business dynamism. While student debt is used to fund increases in human capital, the utilization of student debt reduces an individual's ability to access other forms of credit. As a result, the Penn State study's findings may suggest a debt trade-off in which larger amounts of student debt lower an individual's ability to start a new business. The study further found that an increase of one standard deviation in student debt use results in a decrease of 70 new small businesses per county, a decline of approximately 14.4%.

Millennials and recent college graduates comprise a large majority of those with interest in the high technology workforce. Because their access to capital appears to be limited both institutionally and due to high levels of student debt, many of these workforce participants may be either unable or unwilling to take on more debt to start their own businesses. This is perhaps the cause of the decline in business dynamism in the high technology sector. If this connection proves true, a decrease of 70 small businesses per increase in standard deviation in student debt could be expected. Perhaps increasing access to capital through easily attainable bank loans or implementing policies aimed towards lowering student debt could help to reverse the trend.

References

In line. See above. Original text by Carlin Cherry? Edited and formatted by Dylan Dickens

Link

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cHWPSHRkYKfGPwtPlgBKLn70Xt7BPfv3sEi-yfMemBY/edit